diff --git a/src/lerobot/policies/rlt/__init__.py b/src/lerobot/policies/rlt/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d8fcd691b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lerobot/policies/rlt/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# Copyright 2026 The HuggingFace Inc. team. All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+from lerobot.policies.rlt.configuration_rlt import RLTConfig
+from lerobot.policies.rlt.modeling_rlt import RLTPolicy
+
+__all__ = ["RLTConfig", "RLTPolicy"]
diff --git a/src/lerobot/policies/rlt/configuration_rlt.py b/src/lerobot/policies/rlt/configuration_rlt.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4737e8294
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lerobot/policies/rlt/configuration_rlt.py
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+# Copyright 2026 The HuggingFace Inc. team. All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+"""RLT (RL Token) policy configuration.
+
+Reference: "RL Token: Bootstrapping Online RL with Vision-Language-Action Models"
+(Xu et al., Physical Intelligence, 2026)
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+
+from lerobot.configs.policies import PreTrainedConfig
+from lerobot.configs.types import NormalizationMode
+from lerobot.policies.sac.configuration_sac import ActorLearnerConfig, ConcurrencyConfig
+from lerobot.utils.constants import ACTION, OBS_IMAGE, OBS_STATE
+
+
+@dataclass
+class RLTokenConfig:
+    """Configuration for the RL-token encoder/decoder transformer."""
+
+    input_dim: int = 2048
+    rl_token_dim: int = 2048
+    num_encoder_layers: int = 2
+    num_decoder_layers: int = 2
+    num_heads: int = 8
+    ff_dim: int = 2048
+    dropout: float = 0.0
+
+
+@dataclass
+class RLTActorConfig:
+    """Configuration for the lightweight RL actor MLP."""
+
+    hidden_dims: list[int] = field(default_factory=lambda: [256, 256])
+    std: float = 0.1
+
+
+@dataclass
+class RLTCriticConfig:
+    """Configuration for the RLT critic MLP."""
+
+    hidden_dims: list[int] = field(default_factory=lambda: [256, 256])
+
+
+@PreTrainedConfig.register_subclass("rlt")
+@dataclass
+class RLTConfig(PreTrainedConfig):
+    """Configuration for the RLT (RL Token) policy.
+
+    RLT adds an RL-token encoder/decoder to a frozen VLA backbone, then trains
+    a lightweight actor-critic head using the RL token as state representation.
+    The frozen VLA also provides reference action chunks that the actor refines.
+    """
+
+    normalization_mapping: dict[str, NormalizationMode] = field(
+        default_factory=lambda: {
+            "VISUAL": NormalizationMode.MEAN_STD,
+            "STATE": NormalizationMode.MIN_MAX,
+            "ACTION": NormalizationMode.MIN_MAX,
+        }
+    )
+
+    dataset_stats: dict[str, dict[str, list[float]]] | None = field(
+        default_factory=lambda: {
+            OBS_IMAGE: {
+                "mean": [0.485, 0.456, 0.406],
+                "std": [0.229, 0.224, 0.225],
+            },
+            OBS_STATE: {"min": [0.0], "max": [1.0]},
+            ACTION: {"min": [0.0], "max": [1.0]},
+        }
+    )
+
+    # ── Device ──
+    device: str = "cuda"
+    storage_device: str = "cpu"
+
+    # ── VLA backbone ──
+    vla_checkpoint: str | None = None
+
+    # ── RL-token ──
+    rl_token: RLTokenConfig = field(default_factory=RLTokenConfig)
+
+    # ── Actor / Critic heads ──
+    actor: RLTActorConfig = field(default_factory=RLTActorConfig)
+    critic: RLTCriticConfig = field(default_factory=RLTCriticConfig)
+
+    # ── Action chunks ──
+    chunk_size: int = 10
+    vla_chunk_size: int = 50
+
+    # ── Training parameters ──
+    online_steps: int = 50000
+    offline_steps: int = 5000
+    online_buffer_capacity: int = 100000
+    offline_buffer_capacity: int = 100000
+    online_step_before_learning: int = 500
+    warmup_steps: int = 500
+    async_prefetch: bool = False
+
+    # ── Algorithm hyperparameters ──
+    utd_ratio: int = 5
+    policy_update_freq: int = 2
+    discount: float = 0.99
+    critic_lr: float = 3e-4
+    actor_lr: float = 3e-4
+    rl_token_lr: float = 1e-4
+    tau: float = 0.005
+    clip_grad_norm: float = 10.0
+    num_critics: int = 2
+    bc_reg_coeff: float = 0.1
+    ref_dropout: float = 0.5
+    chunk_stride: int = 2
+    vla_finetune_weight: float = 0.0
+
+    # ── Distributed ──
+    actor_learner_config: ActorLearnerConfig = field(default_factory=ActorLearnerConfig)
+    concurrency: ConcurrencyConfig = field(default_factory=ConcurrencyConfig)
+
+    def __post_init__(self):
+        super().__post_init__()
+
+    def get_optimizer_preset(self):
+        return None
+
+    def get_scheduler_preset(self):
+        return None
+
+    def validate_features(self) -> None:
+        if ACTION not in self.output_features:
+            raise ValueError("You must provide 'action' in the output features")
+
+    @property
+    def observation_delta_indices(self) -> list | None:
+        return None
+
+    @property
+    def action_delta_indices(self) -> list | None:
+        return None
+
+    @property
+    def reward_delta_indices(self) -> None:
+        return None
diff --git a/src/lerobot/policies/rlt/modeling_rlt.py b/src/lerobot/policies/rlt/modeling_rlt.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9b43293b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lerobot/policies/rlt/modeling_rlt.py
@@ -0,0 +1,318 @@
+# Copyright 2026 The HuggingFace Inc. team. All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+"""RLT (RL Token) policy networks.
+
+Reference: "RL Token: Bootstrapping Online RL with Vision-Language-Action Models"
+(Xu et al., Physical Intelligence, 2026)
+
+Architecture:
+  - RLTokenEncoder: compresses VLA token embeddings into a single compact RL token
+  - RLTokenDecoder: reconstructs VLA embeddings from the RL token (Stage 1 training only)
+  - RLTActor: refines VLA reference action chunks conditioned on (z_rl, proprioception, ref_action)
+  - RLTCritic: Q(x, action_chunk) where x = (z_rl, proprioception)
+  - RLTPolicy: bundles RL-token modules + actor into a PreTrainedPolicy for inference
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import math
+
+import torch
+import torch.nn as nn
+from torch import Tensor
+
+from lerobot.policies.pretrained import PreTrainedPolicy
+from lerobot.policies.rlt.configuration_rlt import RLTConfig
+
+# ── Building blocks ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+
+class MLP(nn.Module):
+    """Simple feedforward network with ReLU activations."""
+
+    def __init__(self, input_dim: int, hidden_dims: list[int], output_dim: int):
+        super().__init__()
+        layers: list[nn.Module] = []
+        prev = input_dim
+        for h in hidden_dims:
+            layers.append(nn.Linear(prev, h))
+            layers.append(nn.ReLU())
+            prev = h
+        layers.append(nn.Linear(prev, output_dim))
+        self.net = nn.Sequential(*layers)
+
+    def forward(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor:
+        return self.net(x)
+
+
+# ── RL Token Encoder ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+
+class RLTokenEncoder(nn.Module):
+    """Compress VLA token embeddings into a single RL token via a small transformer.
+
+    Appends a learnable ``e_rl`` embedding to the VLA token sequence, processes
+    through transformer encoder layers, and returns the output at the ``e_rl``
+    position as the RL token ``z_rl``.
+
+    Paper Eq. 1: z_rl = g_phi([z_{1:M}, e_rl])_{M+1}
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        input_dim: int,
+        rl_token_dim: int,
+        num_layers: int,
+        num_heads: int,
+        ff_dim: int,
+        dropout: float = 0.0,
+    ):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.rl_token_dim = rl_token_dim
+
+        self.e_rl = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(1, 1, input_dim) * 0.02)
+
+        if input_dim != rl_token_dim:
+            self.input_proj = nn.Linear(input_dim, rl_token_dim)
+        else:
+            self.input_proj = nn.Identity()
+
+        encoder_layer = nn.TransformerEncoderLayer(
+            d_model=rl_token_dim,
+            nhead=num_heads,
+            dim_feedforward=ff_dim,
+            dropout=dropout,
+            batch_first=True,
+        )
+        self.transformer = nn.TransformerEncoder(encoder_layer, num_layers=num_layers)
+
+    def forward(self, z_vla: Tensor) -> Tensor:
+        """
+        Args:
+            z_vla: VLA token embeddings, shape ``(B, M, D)``.
+
+        Returns:
+            RL token ``z_rl``, shape ``(B, rl_token_dim)``.
+        """
+        batch_size = z_vla.shape[0]
+        e_rl = self.e_rl.expand(batch_size, -1, -1)
+        seq = torch.cat([z_vla, e_rl], dim=1)  # (B, M+1, D)
+        seq = self.input_proj(seq)
+        out = self.transformer(seq)
+        z_rl = out[:, -1, :]  # output at e_rl position
+        return z_rl
+
+
+# ── RL Token Decoder ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+
+class RLTokenDecoder(nn.Module):
+    """Autoregressively reconstruct VLA embeddings from z_rl.
+
+    Used only during Stage 1 (offline RL-token training).
+
+    Paper Eq. 2: L_ro = E[sum_i || h(d([z_rl, z_bar_{1:i-1}]))_i - z_bar_i ||^2]
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        rl_token_dim: int,
+        output_dim: int,
+        num_layers: int,
+        num_heads: int,
+        ff_dim: int,
+        dropout: float = 0.0,
+    ):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.output_dim = output_dim
+
+        if rl_token_dim != output_dim:
+            self.rl_proj = nn.Linear(rl_token_dim, output_dim)
+        else:
+            self.rl_proj = nn.Identity()
+
+        decoder_layer = nn.TransformerDecoderLayer(
+            d_model=output_dim,
+            nhead=num_heads,
+            dim_feedforward=ff_dim,
+            dropout=dropout,
+            batch_first=True,
+        )
+        self.transformer = nn.TransformerDecoder(decoder_layer, num_layers=num_layers)
+        self.output_head = nn.Linear(output_dim, output_dim)
+
+    def forward(self, z_rl: Tensor, z_vla_stopped: Tensor) -> Tensor:
+        """
+        Args:
+            z_rl: RL token, shape ``(B, D_rl)``.
+            z_vla_stopped: Stop-gradient VLA embeddings, shape ``(B, M, D)``.
+
+        Returns:
+            Reconstructed embeddings, shape ``(B, M, D)``.
+        """
+        seq_len = z_vla_stopped.shape[1]
+        z_rl_proj = self.rl_proj(z_rl).unsqueeze(1)
+
+        target = torch.cat([z_rl_proj, z_vla_stopped[:, :-1, :]], dim=1)
+
+        causal_mask = nn.Transformer.generate_square_subsequent_mask(seq_len, device=z_rl.device)
+
+        decoded = self.transformer(
+            tgt=target,
+            memory=z_rl_proj,
+            tgt_mask=causal_mask,
+        )
+        return self.output_head(decoded)  # (B, M, D)
+
+
+# ── Actor ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+
+class RLTActor(nn.Module):
+    """Lightweight actor that refines VLA reference action chunks.
+
+    Paper Eq. 4: pi_theta(a_{1:C} | x, a_tilde_{1:C}) = N(mu_theta(x, a_tilde), sigma^2 I)
+
+    The actor is conditioned on both the RL state and the VLA's proposed action
+    chunk, acting as a "VLA-guided action editor".
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, state_dim: int, action_chunk_dim: int, hidden_dims: list[int], std: float = 0.1):
+        super().__init__()
+        input_dim = state_dim + action_chunk_dim
+        self.net = MLP(input_dim, hidden_dims, action_chunk_dim)
+        self.log_std = math.log(std)
+
+    def forward(self, state: Tensor, ref_action_chunk: Tensor) -> Tensor:
+        """Return the mean action chunk.
+
+        Args:
+            state: RL state ``x = (z_rl, proprioception)``, shape ``(B, state_dim)``.
+            ref_action_chunk: Flattened VLA reference chunk, shape ``(B, C*d)``.
+
+        Returns:
+            Refined action chunk (mean), shape ``(B, C*d)``.
+        """
+        x = torch.cat([state, ref_action_chunk], dim=-1)
+        return self.net(x)
+
+    def sample(self, state: Tensor, ref_action_chunk: Tensor) -> tuple[Tensor, Tensor]:
+        """Sample an action and return (action, log_prob)."""
+        mean = self.forward(state, ref_action_chunk)
+        std = math.exp(self.log_std)
+        noise = torch.randn_like(mean) * std
+        action = mean + noise
+        log_prob = -0.5 * (noise / std).pow(2).sum(dim=-1) - mean.shape[-1] * math.log(
+            std * math.sqrt(2 * math.pi)
+        )
+        return action, log_prob
+
+
+# ── Policy (inference bundle) ────────────────────────────────────────
+
+
+class RLTPolicy(PreTrainedPolicy):
+    """RLT policy — bundles the RL-token encoder and actor for inference.
+
+    The frozen VLA backbone is **not** part of this module; it is loaded
+    separately and its embeddings / reference actions are passed in via the
+    observation dict (populated by the actor process or a preprocessor).
+
+    During training, the :class:`RLTAlgorithm` holds the critic, target networks,
+    and optimizers. This class only contains what is needed for ``select_action``.
+    """
+
+    name = "rlt"
+    config_class = RLTConfig
+
+    def __init__(self, config: RLTConfig, dataset_stats=None):
+        super().__init__(config, dataset_stats)
+        action_dim = config.output_features["action"].shape[0]
+        action_chunk_dim = config.chunk_size * action_dim
+        prop_feature = config.input_features.get("observation.state", None)
+        proprioception_dim = prop_feature.shape[0] if prop_feature is not None else 0
+
+        state_dim = config.rl_token.rl_token_dim + proprioception_dim
+
+        # RL-token encoder (frozen after Stage 1)
+        self.rl_token_encoder = RLTokenEncoder(
+            input_dim=config.rl_token.input_dim,
+            rl_token_dim=config.rl_token.rl_token_dim,
+            num_layers=config.rl_token.num_encoder_layers,
+            num_heads=config.rl_token.num_heads,
+            ff_dim=config.rl_token.ff_dim,
+            dropout=config.rl_token.dropout,
+        )
+
+        # RL-token decoder (used only during Stage 1 training)
+        self.rl_token_decoder = RLTokenDecoder(
+            rl_token_dim=config.rl_token.rl_token_dim,
+            output_dim=config.rl_token.input_dim,
+            num_layers=config.rl_token.num_decoder_layers,
+            num_heads=config.rl_token.num_heads,
+            ff_dim=config.rl_token.ff_dim,
+            dropout=config.rl_token.dropout,
+        )
+
+        # Actor MLP
+        self.actor = RLTActor(
+            state_dim=state_dim,
+            action_chunk_dim=action_chunk_dim,
+            hidden_dims=config.actor.hidden_dims,
+            std=config.actor.std,
+        )
+
+        self._action_dim = action_dim
+        self._action_chunk_dim = action_chunk_dim
+        self._state_dim = state_dim
+        self._proprioception_dim = proprioception_dim
+
+    @torch.no_grad()
+    def select_action(self, batch: dict[str, Tensor]) -> Tensor:
+        """Select a refined action chunk given an observation.
+
+        Expects the observation dict to contain:
+          - ``"observation.vla_embeddings"``: VLA internal token embeddings ``(M, D)``
+          - ``"observation.reference_action"``: VLA reference chunk ``(C*d,)``
+          - ``"observation.state"`` (optional): proprioceptive state ``(P,)``
+
+        Returns:
+            Action chunk tensor of shape ``(C*d,)``.
+        """
+        self.eval()
+
+        vla_emb = batch["observation.vla_embeddings"]
+        if vla_emb.dim() == 2:
+            vla_emb = vla_emb.unsqueeze(0)
+
+        z_rl = self.rl_token_encoder(vla_emb)  # (1, D_rl)
+
+        parts = [z_rl]
+        if "observation.state" in batch and self._proprioception_dim > 0:
+            prop = batch["observation.state"]
+            if prop.dim() == 1:
+                prop = prop.unsqueeze(0)
+            parts.append(prop)
+
+        state = torch.cat(parts, dim=-1)
+
+        ref = batch["observation.reference_action"]
+        if ref.dim() == 1:
+            ref = ref.unsqueeze(0)
+
+        action = self.actor(state, ref)
+        return action.squeeze(0)
+
+    def reset(self):
+        pass