feat(viz): add dataset quality visualization tools

Add three new analysis scripts for dataset quality insight:
- create_frame_grid.py: random frame grid JPG for visual inspection
- workspace_density.py: 3D TCP trajectory clustering with K-means
- action_consistency.py: KNN-based action-state consistency analysis
  with action chunk support (default chunk=30) matching policy learning

Also update create_progress_videos.py with configurable camera selection.

Made-with: Cursor
This commit is contained in:
Pepijn
2026-03-23 20:15:15 -07:00
parent 46b97da168
commit 6370949e5c
4 changed files with 1185 additions and 1 deletions
@@ -0,0 +1,510 @@
"""
Action-state consistency analysis for imitation learning datasets.
For each frame, finds K nearest neighbors in state space (from other episodes)
and measures the variance of corresponding actions. High variance at similar
states = contradictory supervision for the policy.
Outputs a comparison figure with histograms, per-episode curves, and spatial
heatmaps showing where demonstrations conflict.
"""
import json
from pathlib import Path
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
from huggingface_hub import snapshot_download
from matplotlib.colors import LinearSegmentedColormap
from scipy.spatial import cKDTree
DATASETS = [
{"repo_id": "lerobot-data-collection/level2_final_quality3", "label": "HQ curated"},
{"repo_id": "lerobot-data-collection/level12_rac_2_2026-02-08_1", "label": "Full collection"},
]
OUTPUT_DIR = Path("/Users/pepijnkooijmans/Documents/GitHub_local/progress_videos")
OUTPUT_DIR.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
MAX_FRAMES = 10_000
K_NEIGHBORS = 50
ACTION_CHUNK_SIZE = 30
SEED = 42
DPI = 150
CONSISTENCY_CMAP = LinearSegmentedColormap.from_list(
"consistency", ["#0a2e0a", "#1a8e1a", "#88cc22", "#ffaa22", "#ff2222"]
)
# FK chains from OpenArm bimanual URDF (same as workspace_density.py).
LEFT_CHAIN = [
((-np.pi / 2, 0, 0), (0, 0.031, 0.698), None),
((0, 0, 0), (0, 0, 0.0625), (0, 0, 1)),
((-np.pi / 2, 0, 0), (-0.0301, 0, 0.06), (-1, 0, 0)),
((0, 0, 0), (0.0301, 0, 0.06625), (0, 0, 1)),
((0, 0, 0), (0, 0.0315, 0.15375), (0, 1, 0)),
((0, 0, 0), (0, -0.0315, 0.0955), (0, 0, 1)),
((0, 0, 0), (0.0375, 0, 0.1205), (1, 0, 0)),
((0, 0, 0), (-0.0375, 0, 0), (0, -1, 0)),
((0, 0, 0), (0, 0, 0.1001), None),
((0, 0, 0), (0, 0, 0.08), None),
]
RIGHT_CHAIN = [
((np.pi / 2, 0, 0), (0, -0.031, 0.698), None),
((0, 0, 0), (0, 0, 0.0625), (0, 0, 1)),
((np.pi / 2, 0, 0), (-0.0301, 0, 0.06), (-1, 0, 0)),
((0, 0, 0), (0.0301, 0, 0.06625), (0, 0, 1)),
((0, 0, 0), (0, 0.0315, 0.15375), (0, 1, 0)),
((0, 0, 0), (0, -0.0315, 0.0955), (0, 0, 1)),
((0, 0, 0), (0.0375, 0, 0.1205), (1, 0, 0)),
((0, 0, 0), (-0.0375, 0, 0), (0, 1, 0)),
((0, 0, 0), (0, 0, 0.1001), None),
((0, 0, 0), (0, 0, 0.08), None),
]
# ── FK math ─────────────────────────────────────────────
def _rot_x(a: float) -> np.ndarray:
c, s = np.cos(a), np.sin(a)
return np.array([[1, 0, 0], [0, c, -s], [0, s, c]])
def _rot_y(a: float) -> np.ndarray:
c, s = np.cos(a), np.sin(a)
return np.array([[c, 0, s], [0, 1, 0], [-s, 0, c]])
def _rot_z(a: float) -> np.ndarray:
c, s = np.cos(a), np.sin(a)
return np.array([[c, -s, 0], [s, c, 0], [0, 0, 1]])
def _tf(rpy: tuple, xyz: tuple) -> np.ndarray:
r, p, y = rpy
mat = np.eye(4)
mat[:3, :3] = _rot_z(y) @ _rot_y(p) @ _rot_x(r)
mat[:3, 3] = xyz
return mat
def _batch_axis_rot(axis: tuple, angles: np.ndarray) -> np.ndarray:
n = len(angles)
ax = np.asarray(axis, dtype=np.float64)
ax = ax / np.linalg.norm(ax)
x, y, z = ax
c = np.cos(angles)
s = np.sin(angles)
t = 1 - c
rot = np.zeros((n, 4, 4))
rot[:, 0, 0] = t * x * x + c
rot[:, 0, 1] = t * x * y - s * z
rot[:, 0, 2] = t * x * z + s * y
rot[:, 1, 0] = t * x * y + s * z
rot[:, 1, 1] = t * y * y + c
rot[:, 1, 2] = t * y * z - s * x
rot[:, 2, 0] = t * x * z - s * y
rot[:, 2, 1] = t * y * z + s * x
rot[:, 2, 2] = t * z * z + c
rot[:, 3, 3] = 1.0
return rot
def batch_fk(chain: list, joint_angles: np.ndarray) -> np.ndarray:
n = joint_angles.shape[0]
tf_batch = np.tile(np.eye(4), (n, 1, 1))
qi = 0
for rpy, xyz, axis in chain:
tf_batch = tf_batch @ _tf(rpy, xyz)
if axis is not None:
rot = _batch_axis_rot(axis, joint_angles[:, qi])
tf_batch = np.einsum("nij,njk->nik", tf_batch, rot)
qi += 1
return tf_batch[:, :3, 3]
# ── Data helpers ────────────────────────────────────────
def _flatten_names(obj: object) -> list[str]:
if isinstance(obj, dict):
out: list[str] = []
for v in obj.values():
out.extend(_flatten_names(v))
return out
if isinstance(obj, (list, tuple)):
out = []
for item in obj:
if isinstance(item, (list, tuple, dict)):
out.extend(_flatten_names(item))
else:
out.append(str(item))
return out
return [str(obj)]
def _detect_and_convert(vals: np.ndarray) -> np.ndarray:
mx = np.max(np.abs(vals))
if mx > 360:
print(f" Unit detection: servo ticks (max={mx:.0f})")
return (vals - 2048) / 2048 * np.pi
if mx > 6.3:
print(f" Unit detection: degrees (max={mx:.1f})")
return np.deg2rad(vals)
print(f" Unit detection: radians (max={mx:.3f})")
return vals.astype(np.float64)
def _find_joint_indices(features: dict, state_col: str, n_dim: int) -> tuple[list[int], list[int]]:
feat = features.get("observation.state", features.get(state_col, {}))
names = _flatten_names(feat.get("names", []))
left_idx: list[int] = []
right_idx: list[int] = []
if names and len(names) == n_dim:
names_l = [n.lower() for n in names]
print(f" Feature names: {names[:4]}{names[-4:]}")
for j in range(1, 8):
for i, nm in enumerate(names_l):
if f"left_joint_{j}" in nm and i not in left_idx:
left_idx.append(i)
break
for i, nm in enumerate(names_l):
if f"right_joint_{j}" in nm and i not in right_idx:
right_idx.append(i)
break
if len(left_idx) == 7 and len(right_idx) == 7:
print(f" Matched by name: left={left_idx} right={right_idx}")
return left_idx, right_idx
if n_dim >= 16:
print(" Falling back to positional: [0:7]=left, [8:15]=right")
return list(range(7)), list(range(8, 15))
if n_dim >= 14:
print(" Falling back to positional: [0:7]=left, [7:14]=right")
return list(range(7)), list(range(7, 14))
raise RuntimeError(f"State dim {n_dim} too small for bimanual 7-DOF robot")
def download_data(repo_id: str) -> Path:
print(f" Downloading {repo_id} (parquet only) …")
return Path(
snapshot_download(
repo_id=repo_id,
repo_type="dataset",
allow_patterns=["meta/**", "data/**"],
ignore_patterns=["*.mp4", "videos/**"],
)
)
# ── Data loading ────────────────────────────────────────
def _build_action_chunks(
actions: np.ndarray, episode_ids: np.ndarray, chunk_size: int
) -> tuple[np.ndarray, np.ndarray]:
"""
Build action chunks: for each frame, concatenate the next chunk_size actions
from the same episode. Returns (action_chunks, valid_mask).
Frames too close to episode end to form a full chunk are marked invalid.
"""
n = len(actions)
act_dim = actions.shape[1]
chunks = np.zeros((n, chunk_size * act_dim), dtype=np.float64)
valid = np.zeros(n, dtype=bool)
for i in range(n):
end = i + chunk_size
if end > n:
continue
# All frames in the chunk must belong to the same episode
if episode_ids[i] != episode_ids[end - 1]:
continue
chunks[i] = actions[i:end].ravel()
valid[i] = True
return chunks, valid
def load_state_action_data(local: Path, max_frames: int, chunk_size: int, rng: np.random.Generator) -> dict:
"""
Load observation.state and action columns, build action chunks of size
chunk_size (matching what the policy learns), subsample, normalize.
"""
info = json.loads((local / "meta" / "info.json").read_text())
features = info.get("features", {})
dfs = [pd.read_parquet(pq) for pq in sorted((local / "data").glob("**/*.parquet"))]
df = pd.concat(dfs, ignore_index=True)
n_total = len(df)
print(f" Total frames: {n_total:,}")
state_col = next((c for c in df.columns if "observation.state" in c), None)
action_col = next((c for c in df.columns if c == "action"), None)
if state_col is None:
raise RuntimeError(f"No observation.state column. Available: {list(df.columns)}")
if action_col is None:
raise RuntimeError(f"No action column. Available: {list(df.columns)}")
ep_col = next((c for c in df.columns if c == "episode_index"), None)
if ep_col is None:
raise RuntimeError(f"No episode_index column. Available: {list(df.columns)}")
state_all = np.stack(df[state_col].values).astype(np.float64)
action_all = np.stack(df[action_col].values).astype(np.float64)
episode_all = df[ep_col].values.astype(np.int64)
n_dim = state_all.shape[1]
act_dim = action_all.shape[1]
print(f" State dim: {n_dim} Action dim: {act_dim} Chunk size: {chunk_size}")
print(f" Action chunk dim: {chunk_size * act_dim}")
left_idx, right_idx = _find_joint_indices(features, state_col, n_dim)
# Build action chunks within episode boundaries
print(" Building action chunks …")
action_chunks, valid = _build_action_chunks(action_all, episode_all, chunk_size)
valid_idx = np.where(valid)[0]
print(f" Valid frames (with full action chunk): {len(valid_idx):,} / {n_total:,}")
# Subsample from valid frames only
if len(valid_idx) > max_frames:
chosen = np.sort(rng.choice(valid_idx, max_frames, replace=False))
else:
chosen = valid_idx
print(f" Using {len(chosen):,} frames")
state_raw = state_all[chosen]
action_raw = action_chunks[chosen]
episode_ids = episode_all[chosen]
# Z-score normalize for fair KNN distance
state_mean = state_raw.mean(axis=0)
state_std = state_raw.std(axis=0)
state_std[state_std < 1e-8] = 1.0
state_norm = (state_raw - state_mean) / state_std
action_mean = action_raw.mean(axis=0)
action_std = action_raw.std(axis=0)
action_std[action_std < 1e-8] = 1.0
action_norm = (action_raw - action_mean) / action_std
return {
"state_raw": state_raw,
"state_norm": state_norm,
"action_raw": action_raw,
"action_norm": action_norm,
"episode_ids": episode_ids,
"left_joint_idx": left_idx,
"right_joint_idx": right_idx,
"n_total": n_total,
}
# ── KNN consistency ─────────────────────────────────────
def compute_consistency(
state_norm: np.ndarray,
action_norm: np.ndarray,
episode_ids: np.ndarray,
k: int,
) -> np.ndarray:
"""
For each frame, find K nearest neighbors in state space from *other* episodes.
Return per-frame action variance (mean across action dims).
"""
n = len(state_norm)
print(f" Building KD-tree on {n:,} state vectors …")
tree = cKDTree(state_norm)
# Query extra neighbors to have room after filtering same-episode
k_query = min(k * 3, n - 1)
print(f" Querying {k_query} neighbors per frame …")
dists, indices = tree.query(state_norm, k=k_query + 1)
# indices[:, 0] is the point itself — skip it
indices = indices[:, 1:]
print(" Computing cross-episode action variance …")
variance = np.zeros(n)
for i in range(n):
ep_i = episode_ids[i]
neighbors = indices[i]
cross_ep = neighbors[episode_ids[neighbors] != ep_i][:k]
if len(cross_ep) < 2:
variance[i] = 0.0
continue
neighbor_actions = action_norm[cross_ep]
variance[i] = np.mean(np.var(neighbor_actions, axis=0))
return variance
# ── Visualization ───────────────────────────────────────
def render(results: list[dict], out_path: Path) -> None:
n_ds = len(results)
fig, axes = plt.subplots(3, n_ds, figsize=(9 * n_ds, 18), facecolor="#0d1117")
if n_ds == 1:
axes = axes[:, np.newaxis]
headline_parts = []
for col, r in enumerate(results):
variance = r["variance"]
episode_ids = r["episode_ids"]
tcp_xz = r["tcp_xz"]
label = r["label"]
median_var = np.median(variance)
mean_var = np.mean(variance)
headline_parts.append(f"{label}: median={median_var:.3f}, mean={mean_var:.3f}")
# Row 0: Histogram of per-frame action variance
ax = axes[0, col]
ax.set_facecolor("#0d1117")
nonzero = variance[variance > 0]
if len(nonzero) > 0:
bins = np.logspace(np.log10(nonzero.min().clip(1e-6)), np.log10(nonzero.max()), 60)
ax.hist(nonzero, bins=bins, color="#4363d8", alpha=0.8, edgecolor="#222")
ax.set_xscale("log")
ax.axvline(median_var, color="#ff6600", linewidth=2, label=f"median={median_var:.3f}")
ax.axvline(mean_var, color="#ff2222", linewidth=2, linestyle="--", label=f"mean={mean_var:.3f}")
ax.set_xlabel("Action variance (log scale)", color="#888", fontsize=10)
ax.set_ylabel("Frame count", color="#888", fontsize=10)
ax.set_title(f"{label}\nPer-frame action variance distribution", color="white", fontsize=12, pad=10)
ax.tick_params(colors="#555", labelsize=8)
for spine in ax.spines.values():
spine.set_color("#333")
ax.legend(fontsize=9, facecolor="#1a1a2e", edgecolor="#333", labelcolor="white")
# Row 1: Per-episode mean inconsistency curve (sorted)
ax = axes[1, col]
ax.set_facecolor("#0d1117")
unique_eps = np.unique(episode_ids)
ep_means = np.array([variance[episode_ids == ep].mean() for ep in unique_eps])
sorted_means = np.sort(ep_means)[::-1]
ep_x = np.arange(len(sorted_means))
p90 = np.percentile(ep_means, 90)
above_p90 = np.sum(ep_means > p90)
ax.fill_between(ep_x, sorted_means, alpha=0.3, color="#4363d8")
ax.plot(ep_x, sorted_means, color="#4363d8", linewidth=1.2)
ax.axhline(
np.median(ep_means), color="#ff6600", linewidth=1.5, label=f"median={np.median(ep_means):.3f}"
)
ax.axhline(
p90, color="#ff2222", linewidth=1, linestyle=":", label=f"p90={p90:.3f} ({above_p90} eps above)"
)
ax.set_xlabel("Episode rank (worst → best)", color="#888", fontsize=10)
ax.set_ylabel("Mean action variance", color="#888", fontsize=10)
ax.set_title(
f"{label}\nPer-episode inconsistency ({len(unique_eps):,} episodes)",
color="white",
fontsize=12,
pad=10,
)
ax.tick_params(colors="#555", labelsize=8)
for spine in ax.spines.values():
spine.set_color("#333")
ax.legend(fontsize=9, facecolor="#1a1a2e", edgecolor="#333", labelcolor="white")
# Row 2: Spatial heatmap (XZ side view) colored by local action variance
ax = axes[2, col]
ax.set_facecolor("#0d1117")
order = np.argsort(variance)
pts = tcp_xz[order]
var_sorted = variance[order]
vmin = np.percentile(variance[variance > 0], 5) if np.any(variance > 0) else 0
vmax = np.percentile(variance[variance > 0], 95) if np.any(variance > 0) else 1
sc = ax.scatter(
pts[:, 0],
pts[:, 1],
c=var_sorted,
cmap=CONSISTENCY_CMAP,
s=0.5,
alpha=0.6,
vmin=vmin,
vmax=vmax,
rasterized=True,
)
ax.set_xlabel("X (m)", color="#888", fontsize=10)
ax.set_ylabel("Z (m)", color="#888", fontsize=10)
ax.set_title(
f"{label}\nAction variance by TCP position (XZ side)",
color="white",
fontsize=12,
pad=10,
)
ax.tick_params(colors="#555", labelsize=8)
for spine in ax.spines.values():
spine.set_color("#333")
ax.set_aspect("equal")
cbar = fig.colorbar(sc, ax=ax, shrink=0.8, pad=0.02)
cbar.set_label("Action variance", color="white", fontsize=9)
cbar.ax.tick_params(colors="#aaa", labelsize=7)
fig.suptitle(
f"Action-State Consistency Analysis (action chunk = {ACTION_CHUNK_SIZE})\n"
+ " | ".join(headline_parts),
color="white",
fontsize=15,
y=0.99,
)
plt.tight_layout(rect=[0, 0, 1, 0.96])
plt.savefig(out_path, dpi=DPI, bbox_inches="tight", facecolor=fig.get_facecolor())
plt.close()
print(f"\n✓ Saved: {out_path}")
# ── Main ────────────────────────────────────────────────
def main() -> None:
rng = np.random.default_rng(SEED)
results = []
for ds in DATASETS:
repo_id, label = ds["repo_id"], ds["label"]
print(f"\n{'=' * 60}")
print(f" {label}: {repo_id}")
print(f"{'=' * 60}")
local = download_data(repo_id)
data = load_state_action_data(local, MAX_FRAMES, ACTION_CHUNK_SIZE, rng)
variance = compute_consistency(
data["state_norm"], data["action_norm"], data["episode_ids"], K_NEIGHBORS
)
print(
f" Variance stats: median={np.median(variance):.4f} mean={np.mean(variance):.4f} "
f"p90={np.percentile(variance, 90):.4f}"
)
# Compute FK for spatial heatmap (left arm TCP, XZ projection)
print(" Computing FK for spatial heatmap …")
left_raw = data["state_raw"][:, data["left_joint_idx"]]
left_rad = _detect_and_convert(left_raw)
left_tcp = batch_fk(LEFT_CHAIN, left_rad)
tcp_xz = left_tcp[:, [0, 2]]
results.append(
{
"label": label,
"variance": variance,
"episode_ids": data["episode_ids"],
"tcp_xz": tcp_xz,
"n_total": data["n_total"],
}
)
out = OUTPUT_DIR / "action_consistency_comparison.jpg"
render(results, out)
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
"""
Create a JPG grid of random frames sampled from a LeRobot video dataset.
Downloads metadata + video chunks from HuggingFace, picks random frames,
decodes them, and tiles into a single image.
"""
import json
import random
from pathlib import Path
import cv2
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
from huggingface_hub import snapshot_download
REPO_ID = "lerobot-data-collection/level2_final_quality3"
CAMERA_KEY = "observation.images.base"
GRID_COLS = 15
GRID_ROWS = 10
THUMB_WIDTH = 160
OUTPUT_DIR = Path("/Users/pepijnkooijmans/Documents/GitHub_local/progress_videos")
OUTPUT_DIR.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
SEED = 1
def download_metadata(repo_id: str) -> Path:
"""Download only metadata (no videos yet)."""
print(f"[1/3] Downloading metadata for {repo_id}")
return Path(
snapshot_download(
repo_id=repo_id,
repo_type="dataset",
allow_patterns=["meta/**"],
ignore_patterns=["*.mp4"],
)
)
def load_video_info(local: Path) -> tuple[str, list[dict], int]:
"""Parse info.json and episode parquets. Returns (camera_key, episode_rows, fps)."""
info = json.loads((local / "meta" / "info.json").read_text())
fps = info["fps"]
features = info["features"]
video_keys = [k for k, v in features.items() if v.get("dtype") == "video"]
if not video_keys:
raise RuntimeError("No video keys found in dataset features")
if CAMERA_KEY is not None:
if CAMERA_KEY not in video_keys:
raise RuntimeError(f"CAMERA_KEY='{CAMERA_KEY}' not found. Available: {video_keys}")
cam = CAMERA_KEY
else:
cam = video_keys[0]
print(f" camera='{cam}' all_cams={video_keys} fps={fps}")
ep_rows = []
for pq in sorted((local / "meta" / "episodes").glob("**/*.parquet")):
ep_rows.append(pd.read_parquet(pq))
ep_df = pd.concat(ep_rows, ignore_index=True)
video_template = info.get(
"video_path",
"videos/{video_key}/chunk-{chunk_index:03d}/file-{file_index:03d}.mp4",
)
chunk_col = f"videos/{cam}/chunk_index"
file_col = f"videos/{cam}/file_index"
ts_from = f"videos/{cam}/from_timestamp"
ts_to = f"videos/{cam}/to_timestamp"
if chunk_col not in ep_df.columns:
chunk_col = f"{cam}/chunk_index"
file_col = f"{cam}/file_index"
ts_from = f"{cam}/from_timestamp"
ts_to = f"{cam}/to_timestamp"
episodes = []
for _, row in ep_df.iterrows():
ci = int(row[chunk_col])
fi = int(row[file_col])
episodes.append(
{
"episode_index": int(row["episode_index"]),
"chunk_index": ci,
"file_index": fi,
"from_ts": float(row[ts_from]),
"to_ts": float(row[ts_to]),
"video_rel": video_template.format(video_key=cam, chunk_index=ci, file_index=fi),
}
)
return cam, episodes, fps
def pick_random_frames(episodes: list[dict], fps: int, n: int, rng: random.Random) -> list[dict]:
"""Pick n random (episode, timestamp) pairs, return sorted by video file for efficient access."""
picks = []
for _ in range(n):
ep = rng.choice(episodes)
duration = ep["to_ts"] - ep["from_ts"]
if duration <= 0:
continue
t = ep["from_ts"] + rng.random() * duration
picks.append({**ep, "seek_ts": t})
picks.sort(key=lambda p: (p["video_rel"], p["seek_ts"]))
return picks
def download_video_files(repo_id: str, local: Path, picks: list[dict]) -> None:
"""Download only the video files we need."""
needed = sorted({p["video_rel"] for p in picks})
print(f"[2/3] Downloading {len(needed)} video file(s) …")
snapshot_download(
repo_id=repo_id,
repo_type="dataset",
local_dir=str(local),
allow_patterns=needed,
)
def extract_frame(video_path: Path, seek_ts: float) -> np.ndarray | None:
"""Decode a single frame at the given timestamp."""
cap = cv2.VideoCapture(str(video_path))
cap.set(cv2.CAP_PROP_POS_MSEC, seek_ts * 1000.0)
ret, frame = cap.read()
cap.release()
return frame if ret else None
def build_grid(frames: list[np.ndarray], cols: int, thumb_w: int) -> np.ndarray:
"""Resize frames to uniform thumbnails and tile into a grid."""
if not frames:
raise RuntimeError("No frames decoded")
h0, w0 = frames[0].shape[:2]
thumb_h = int(thumb_w * h0 / w0)
thumbs = [cv2.resize(f, (thumb_w, thumb_h), interpolation=cv2.INTER_AREA) for f in frames]
rows = []
for i in range(0, len(thumbs), cols):
row_thumbs = thumbs[i : i + cols]
while len(row_thumbs) < cols:
row_thumbs.append(np.zeros_like(row_thumbs[0]))
rows.append(np.hstack(row_thumbs))
return np.vstack(rows)
def main() -> None:
rng = random.Random(SEED)
n_frames = GRID_COLS * GRID_ROWS
local = download_metadata(REPO_ID)
cam, episodes, fps = load_video_info(local)
picks = pick_random_frames(episodes, fps, n_frames, rng)
download_video_files(REPO_ID, local, picks)
print(f"[3/3] Decoding {n_frames} frames …")
frames: list[np.ndarray] = []
for p in picks:
vp = local / p["video_rel"]
if not vp.exists():
print(f" SKIP: {p['video_rel']} not found")
continue
frame = extract_frame(vp, p["seek_ts"])
if frame is not None:
frames.append(frame)
print(f" Decoded {len(frames)}/{n_frames} frames")
grid = build_grid(frames, GRID_COLS, THUMB_WIDTH)
safe_name = REPO_ID.replace("/", "_")
out_path = OUTPUT_DIR / f"{safe_name}_grid_{GRID_COLS}x{GRID_ROWS}.jpg"
cv2.imwrite(str(out_path), grid, [cv2.IMWRITE_JPEG_QUALITY, 92])
print(f"\n✓ Saved: {out_path} ({grid.shape[1]}×{grid.shape[0]})")
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ import pandas as pd
from huggingface_hub import snapshot_download
DATASETS = [
{"repo_id": "lerobot-data-collection/level2_final_quality3", "episode": 1100},
{"repo_id": "lerobot-data-collection/level2_final_quality3", "episode": 250},
]
CAMERA_KEY = (
"observation.images.base" # None = auto-select first camera, or set e.g. "observation.images.top"
@@ -0,0 +1,496 @@
"""
Visualize end-effector workspace density and trajectory clusters for OpenArm datasets.
Downloads joint position data (no videos) from HuggingFace, computes forward
kinematics per episode, clusters trajectories with K-means, and renders
2D projections comparing dataset coverage and multimodality.
"""
import json
from pathlib import Path
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
from huggingface_hub import snapshot_download
from sklearn.cluster import KMeans
DATASETS = [
{"repo_id": "lerobot-data-collection/level2_final_quality3", "label": "HQ curated"},
{"repo_id": "lerobot-data-collection/level12_rac_2_2026-02-08_1", "label": "Full collection"},
]
OUTPUT_DIR = Path("/Users/pepijnkooijmans/Documents/GitHub_local/progress_videos")
OUTPUT_DIR.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
N_CLUSTERS = 10
WAYPOINTS = 50
SEED = 42
DPI = 180
CLUSTER_COLORS = [
"#e6194b",
"#3cb44b",
"#4363d8",
"#f58231",
"#911eb4",
"#42d4f4",
"#f032e6",
"#bfef45",
"#fabed4",
"#dcbeff",
"#9a6324",
"#fffac8",
"#800000",
"#aaffc3",
"#808000",
"#ffd8b1",
"#000075",
"#a9a9a9",
]
# FK chains extracted from OpenArm bimanual URDF.
# Each entry: (rpy, xyz, revolute_axis_or_None).
LEFT_CHAIN = [
((-np.pi / 2, 0, 0), (0, 0.031, 0.698), None),
((0, 0, 0), (0, 0, 0.0625), (0, 0, 1)),
((-np.pi / 2, 0, 0), (-0.0301, 0, 0.06), (-1, 0, 0)),
((0, 0, 0), (0.0301, 0, 0.06625), (0, 0, 1)),
((0, 0, 0), (0, 0.0315, 0.15375), (0, 1, 0)),
((0, 0, 0), (0, -0.0315, 0.0955), (0, 0, 1)),
((0, 0, 0), (0.0375, 0, 0.1205), (1, 0, 0)),
((0, 0, 0), (-0.0375, 0, 0), (0, -1, 0)),
((0, 0, 0), (0, 0, 0.1001), None),
((0, 0, 0), (0, 0, 0.08), None),
]
RIGHT_CHAIN = [
((np.pi / 2, 0, 0), (0, -0.031, 0.698), None),
((0, 0, 0), (0, 0, 0.0625), (0, 0, 1)),
((np.pi / 2, 0, 0), (-0.0301, 0, 0.06), (-1, 0, 0)),
((0, 0, 0), (0.0301, 0, 0.06625), (0, 0, 1)),
((0, 0, 0), (0, 0.0315, 0.15375), (0, 1, 0)),
((0, 0, 0), (0, -0.0315, 0.0955), (0, 0, 1)),
((0, 0, 0), (0.0375, 0, 0.1205), (1, 0, 0)),
((0, 0, 0), (-0.0375, 0, 0), (0, 1, 0)),
((0, 0, 0), (0, 0, 0.1001), None),
((0, 0, 0), (0, 0, 0.08), None),
]
# ── FK math ─────────────────────────────────────────────
def _rot_x(a: float) -> np.ndarray:
c, s = np.cos(a), np.sin(a)
return np.array([[1, 0, 0], [0, c, -s], [0, s, c]])
def _rot_y(a: float) -> np.ndarray:
c, s = np.cos(a), np.sin(a)
return np.array([[c, 0, s], [0, 1, 0], [-s, 0, c]])
def _rot_z(a: float) -> np.ndarray:
c, s = np.cos(a), np.sin(a)
return np.array([[c, -s, 0], [s, c, 0], [0, 0, 1]])
def _tf(rpy: tuple, xyz: tuple) -> np.ndarray:
"""Build a 4x4 homogeneous transform from URDF rpy + xyz."""
r, p, y = rpy
mat = np.eye(4)
mat[:3, :3] = _rot_z(y) @ _rot_y(p) @ _rot_x(r)
mat[:3, 3] = xyz
return mat
def _batch_axis_rot(axis: tuple, angles: np.ndarray) -> np.ndarray:
"""Batched Rodrigues rotation: (n,) angles around a fixed axis → (n, 4, 4)."""
n = len(angles)
ax = np.asarray(axis, dtype=np.float64)
ax = ax / np.linalg.norm(ax)
x, y, z = ax
c = np.cos(angles)
s = np.sin(angles)
t = 1 - c
rot = np.zeros((n, 4, 4))
rot[:, 0, 0] = t * x * x + c
rot[:, 0, 1] = t * x * y - s * z
rot[:, 0, 2] = t * x * z + s * y
rot[:, 1, 0] = t * x * y + s * z
rot[:, 1, 1] = t * y * y + c
rot[:, 1, 2] = t * y * z - s * x
rot[:, 2, 0] = t * x * z - s * y
rot[:, 2, 1] = t * y * z + s * x
rot[:, 2, 2] = t * z * z + c
rot[:, 3, 3] = 1.0
return rot
def batch_fk(chain: list, joint_angles: np.ndarray) -> np.ndarray:
"""Vectorized FK: (n, 7) radians → (n, 3) TCP positions in world frame."""
n = joint_angles.shape[0]
tf_batch = np.tile(np.eye(4), (n, 1, 1))
qi = 0
for rpy, xyz, axis in chain:
tf_batch = tf_batch @ _tf(rpy, xyz)
if axis is not None:
rot = _batch_axis_rot(axis, joint_angles[:, qi])
tf_batch = np.einsum("nij,njk->nik", tf_batch, rot)
qi += 1
return tf_batch[:, :3, 3]
# ── Data loading ────────────────────────────────────────
def _flatten_names(obj: object) -> list[str]:
"""Recursively flatten a names structure (list, dict, or nested) into a flat string list."""
if isinstance(obj, dict):
out: list[str] = []
for v in obj.values():
out.extend(_flatten_names(v))
return out
if isinstance(obj, (list, tuple)):
out = []
for item in obj:
if isinstance(item, (list, tuple, dict)):
out.extend(_flatten_names(item))
else:
out.append(str(item))
return out
return [str(obj)]
def _detect_and_convert(vals: np.ndarray) -> np.ndarray:
"""Auto-detect servo ticks / degrees / radians and convert to radians."""
mx = np.max(np.abs(vals))
if mx > 360:
print(f" Unit detection: servo ticks (max={mx:.0f})")
return (vals - 2048) / 2048 * np.pi
if mx > 6.3:
print(f" Unit detection: degrees (max={mx:.1f})")
return np.deg2rad(vals)
print(f" Unit detection: radians (max={mx:.3f})")
return vals.astype(np.float64)
def _find_joint_indices(features: dict, state_col: str, n_dim: int) -> tuple[list[int], list[int]]:
"""Try to find left/right joint indices from info.json feature names."""
feat = features.get("observation.state", features.get(state_col, {}))
names = _flatten_names(feat.get("names", []))
left_idx: list[int] = []
right_idx: list[int] = []
if names and len(names) == n_dim:
names_l = [n.lower() for n in names]
print(f" Feature names: {names[:4]}{names[-4:]}")
for j in range(1, 8):
for i, nm in enumerate(names_l):
if f"left_joint_{j}" in nm and i not in left_idx:
left_idx.append(i)
break
for i, nm in enumerate(names_l):
if f"right_joint_{j}" in nm and i not in right_idx:
right_idx.append(i)
break
if len(left_idx) == 7 and len(right_idx) == 7:
print(f" Matched by name: left={left_idx} right={right_idx}")
return left_idx, right_idx
if n_dim >= 16:
print(" Falling back to positional: [0:7]=left, [8:15]=right")
return list(range(7)), list(range(8, 15))
if n_dim >= 14:
print(" Falling back to positional: [0:7]=left, [7:14]=right")
return list(range(7)), list(range(7, 14))
raise RuntimeError(f"State dim {n_dim} too small for bimanual 7-DOF robot")
def download_data(repo_id: str) -> Path:
print(f" Downloading {repo_id} (parquet only) …")
return Path(
snapshot_download(
repo_id=repo_id,
repo_type="dataset",
allow_patterns=["meta/**", "data/**"],
ignore_patterns=["*.mp4", "videos/**"],
)
)
def resample_trajectory(traj: np.ndarray, n_waypoints: int) -> np.ndarray:
"""Resample a (F, 3) trajectory to exactly n_waypoints via linear interpolation."""
f = traj.shape[0]
if f == n_waypoints:
return traj
old_t = np.linspace(0, 1, f)
new_t = np.linspace(0, 1, n_waypoints)
return np.column_stack([np.interp(new_t, old_t, traj[:, d]) for d in range(3)])
def load_episode_trajectories(local: Path) -> list[dict]:
"""
Load per-episode joint data, compute FK, return list of trajectory dicts.
Each dict: {"left_tcp": (F,3), "right_tcp": (F,3), "episode_index": int}.
Uses all episodes in the dataset for a fair comparison.
"""
info = json.loads((local / "meta" / "info.json").read_text())
features = info.get("features", {})
dfs = [pd.read_parquet(pq) for pq in sorted((local / "data").glob("**/*.parquet"))]
df = pd.concat(dfs, ignore_index=True)
print(f" Total frames: {len(df):,}")
state_col = next((c for c in df.columns if "observation.state" in c), None)
if state_col is None:
raise RuntimeError(f"No observation.state column. Available: {list(df.columns)}")
first = df[state_col].iloc[0]
if not hasattr(first, "__len__"):
raise RuntimeError(f"observation.state is scalar ({type(first)}), expected array")
state = np.stack(df[state_col].values).astype(np.float64)
n_dim = state.shape[1]
print(f" State dim: {n_dim} max|val|: {np.max(np.abs(state)):.1f}")
left_idx, right_idx = _find_joint_indices(features, state_col, n_dim)
ep_col = next((c for c in df.columns if c == "episode_index"), None)
if ep_col is None:
raise RuntimeError(f"No episode_index column. Available: {list(df.columns)}")
episode_ids = df[ep_col].values
unique_eps = np.unique(episode_ids)
print(f" Episodes: {len(unique_eps):,}")
left_raw = state[:, left_idx]
right_raw = state[:, right_idx]
left_all = _detect_and_convert(left_raw)
right_all = _detect_and_convert(right_raw)
print(" Computing FK per episode …")
trajectories = []
for ep_id in unique_eps:
mask = episode_ids == ep_id
left_tcp = batch_fk(LEFT_CHAIN, left_all[mask])
right_tcp = batch_fk(RIGHT_CHAIN, right_all[mask])
if len(left_tcp) < 3:
continue
trajectories.append({"left_tcp": left_tcp, "right_tcp": right_tcp, "episode_index": int(ep_id)})
print(f" Valid trajectories: {len(trajectories):,}")
return trajectories
# ── Clustering ──────────────────────────────────────────
def cluster_trajectories(
trajectories: list[dict], n_clusters: int, n_waypoints: int
) -> tuple[np.ndarray, np.ndarray]:
"""
K-means on resampled trajectory features.
Combines left+right TCP into a single feature vector per episode.
Returns (labels, centroid_trajs (k, waypoints, 6), spread_per_cluster (k,) in metres).
Spread = mean per-waypoint Euclidean distance from each trajectory to its centroid.
"""
feat_vecs = []
for t in trajectories:
left_rs = resample_trajectory(t["left_tcp"], n_waypoints)
right_rs = resample_trajectory(t["right_tcp"], n_waypoints)
feat_vecs.append(np.concatenate([left_rs.ravel(), right_rs.ravel()]))
feat_matrix = np.array(feat_vecs)
k = min(n_clusters, len(feat_vecs))
km = KMeans(n_clusters=k, n_init=10, random_state=SEED)
labels = km.fit_predict(feat_matrix)
centroids_flat = km.cluster_centers_
centroid_trajs = np.zeros((k, n_waypoints, 6))
for ci in range(k):
left_flat = centroids_flat[ci, : n_waypoints * 3]
right_flat = centroids_flat[ci, n_waypoints * 3 :]
centroid_trajs[ci, :, :3] = left_flat.reshape(n_waypoints, 3)
centroid_trajs[ci, :, 3:] = right_flat.reshape(n_waypoints, 3)
# Mean per-waypoint distance to centroid (in metres) for each cluster
spread = np.zeros(k)
for ci in range(k):
members = np.where(labels == ci)[0]
if len(members) == 0:
continue
centroid_left = centroid_trajs[ci, :, :3]
centroid_right = centroid_trajs[ci, :, 3:]
dists = []
for mi in members:
t = trajectories[mi]
left_rs = resample_trajectory(t["left_tcp"], n_waypoints)
right_rs = resample_trajectory(t["right_tcp"], n_waypoints)
d_left = np.linalg.norm(left_rs - centroid_left, axis=1).mean()
d_right = np.linalg.norm(right_rs - centroid_right, axis=1).mean()
dists.append((d_left + d_right) / 2)
spread[ci] = np.mean(dists)
return labels, centroid_trajs, spread
# ── Visualization ───────────────────────────────────────
PROJ_VIEWS = [
("XZ (side)", 0, 2, "X (m)", "Z (m)"),
("XY (top)", 0, 1, "X (m)", "Y (m)"),
("YZ (front)", 1, 2, "Y (m)", "Z (m)"),
]
def render(results: list[dict], out_path: Path) -> None:
"""
2-row × 3-col grid per dataset (3 projections × 2 datasets).
Trajectory lines colored by cluster, centroid trajectories drawn thick.
"""
n_ds = len(results)
n_proj = len(PROJ_VIEWS)
fig, axes = plt.subplots(n_ds, n_proj, figsize=(7 * n_proj, 7 * n_ds), facecolor="#0d1117")
if n_ds == 1:
axes = axes[np.newaxis, :]
for row, r in enumerate(results):
trajectories = r["trajectories"]
labels = r["labels"]
centroids = r["centroids"]
k = centroids.shape[0]
cluster_sizes = np.bincount(labels, minlength=k)
size_order = np.argsort(-cluster_sizes)
pcts = cluster_sizes / len(labels) * 100
spread = r["spread"]
for col, (view_name, dim_a, dim_b, xlabel, ylabel) in enumerate(PROJ_VIEWS):
ax = axes[row, col]
ax.set_facecolor("#0d1117")
for ti, traj in enumerate(trajectories):
color = CLUSTER_COLORS[labels[ti] % len(CLUSTER_COLORS)]
for tcp_key in ("left_tcp", "right_tcp"):
pts = traj[tcp_key]
ax.plot(pts[:, dim_a], pts[:, dim_b], color=color, alpha=0.12, linewidth=0.4)
for ci in range(k):
color = CLUSTER_COLORS[ci % len(CLUSTER_COLORS)]
left_c = centroids[ci, :, :3]
right_c = centroids[ci, :, 3:]
lw = 1.5 + 2.0 * cluster_sizes[ci] / cluster_sizes.max()
for c_pts in (left_c, right_c):
ax.plot(
c_pts[:, dim_a],
c_pts[:, dim_b],
color=color,
linewidth=lw,
alpha=0.95,
zorder=10,
)
ax.plot(
c_pts[0, dim_a],
c_pts[0, dim_b],
"o",
color=color,
markersize=4,
zorder=11,
)
ax.plot(
c_pts[-1, dim_a],
c_pts[-1, dim_b],
"s",
color=color,
markersize=4,
zorder=11,
)
ax.set_xlabel(xlabel, color="#888", fontsize=9)
ax.set_ylabel(ylabel, color="#888", fontsize=9)
ax.tick_params(colors="#555", labelsize=7)
for spine in ax.spines.values():
spine.set_color("#333")
ax.set_aspect("equal")
mean_spread_cm = np.average(spread, weights=cluster_sizes) * 100
if col == 0:
ax.set_title(
f"{r['label']} ({r['n_episodes']:,} episodes, {k} clusters, "
f"avg spread {mean_spread_cm:.1f}cm)",
color="white",
fontsize=11,
pad=10,
)
else:
ax.set_title(view_name, color="#aaa", fontsize=10, pad=8)
# Cluster size + spread legend on the rightmost panel
legend_ax = axes[row, -1]
for ci in size_order:
color = CLUSTER_COLORS[ci % len(CLUSTER_COLORS)]
spread_cm = spread[ci] * 100
label = f"C{ci}: {cluster_sizes[ci]} eps ({pcts[ci]:.0f}%) ±{spread_cm:.1f}cm"
legend_ax.plot([], [], color=color, linewidth=3, label=label)
legend_ax.legend(
loc="upper right",
fontsize=7,
frameon=True,
facecolor="#1a1a2e",
edgecolor="#333",
labelcolor="white",
handlelength=1.5,
)
fig.suptitle(
"End-Effector Trajectory Clusters (FK · K-means)",
color="white",
fontsize=16,
y=0.98,
)
plt.tight_layout(rect=[0, 0, 1, 0.95])
plt.savefig(out_path, dpi=DPI, bbox_inches="tight", facecolor=fig.get_facecolor())
plt.close()
print(f"\n✓ Saved: {out_path}")
# ── Main ────────────────────────────────────────────────
def main() -> None:
results = []
for ds in DATASETS:
repo_id, label = ds["repo_id"], ds["label"]
print(f"\n{'=' * 60}")
print(f" {label}: {repo_id}")
print(f"{'=' * 60}")
local = download_data(repo_id)
trajectories = load_episode_trajectories(local)
labels, centroids, spread = cluster_trajectories(trajectories, N_CLUSTERS, WAYPOINTS)
cluster_sizes = np.bincount(labels, minlength=centroids.shape[0])
print(f" Cluster sizes: {sorted(cluster_sizes, reverse=True)}")
for ci in np.argsort(-cluster_sizes):
print(
f" C{ci}: {cluster_sizes[ci]} eps ({cluster_sizes[ci] / len(labels) * 100:.0f}%) "
f"spread ±{spread[ci] * 100:.1f}cm"
)
results.append(
{
"label": label,
"trajectories": trajectories,
"labels": labels,
"centroids": centroids,
"spread": spread,
"n_episodes": len(trajectories),
}
)
out = OUTPUT_DIR / "workspace_trajectory_clusters.jpg"
render(results, out)
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()