revert initialization to empty

- Rename 'done' to 'terminated' for true task completion
- Use 'truncated' for time-limit termination
- Change torch.empty to torch.zeros for storage initialization
- Convert _lerobotdataset_to_transitions to generator for memory efficiency
- Add proper docstrings to BatchTransition and ReplayBuffer
- Update concatenate_batch_transitions to use new terminology
- Update tests to use new field names

This aligns ReplayBuffer with Gymnasium's termination semantics where:
- terminated: Episode ended due to task success/failure
- truncated: Episode ended due to time limit or external factors

src/lerobot/rl/buffer.py

@@ -15,7 +15,8 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 import functools
-from collections.abc import Callable, Sequence
+import itertools
+from collections.abc import Callable, Generator, Sequence
 from contextlib import suppress
 from typing import TypedDict
 
@@ -29,13 +30,20 @@ from lerobot.utils.transition import Transition
 
 
 class BatchTransition(TypedDict):
+    """Batch transition for single-step RL algorithms.
+
+    Uses Gymnasium terminology:
+    - terminated: True termination due to task success/failure
+    - truncated: Termination due to time limit or other external factors
+    """
+
     state: dict[str, torch.Tensor]
     action: torch.Tensor
     reward: torch.Tensor
     next_state: dict[str, torch.Tensor]
-    done: torch.Tensor
+    terminated: torch.Tensor  # True termination due to task success/failure
-    truncated: torch.Tensor
+    truncated: torch.Tensor  # Termination due to time limit
-    complementary_info: dict[str, torch.Tensor | float | int] | None = None
+    complementary_info: dict[str, torch.Tensor] | None
 
 
 def random_crop_vectorized(images: torch.Tensor, output_size: tuple) -> torch.Tensor:
@@ -78,6 +86,8 @@ def random_shift(images: torch.Tensor, pad: int = 4):
 
 
 class ReplayBuffer:
+    """Replay buffer for storing transitions used in RL training (e.g., SAC)."""
+
     def __init__(
         self,
         capacity: int,
@@ -133,7 +143,7 @@ class ReplayBuffer:
         self,
         state: dict[str, torch.Tensor],
         action: torch.Tensor,
-        complementary_info: dict[str, torch.Tensor] | None = None,
+        complementary_info: dict[str, torch.Tensor | float | int] | None = None,
     ):
         """Initialize the storage tensors based on the first transition."""
         # Determine shapes from the first transition
@@ -159,8 +169,8 @@ class ReplayBuffer:
             # Just create a reference to states for consistent API
             self.next_states = self.states  # Just a reference for API consistency
 
-        self.dones = torch.empty((self.capacity,), dtype=torch.bool, device=self.storage_device)
+        self.terminated = torch.empty((self.capacity,), dtype=torch.bool, device=self.storage_device)
-        self.truncateds = torch.empty((self.capacity,), dtype=torch.bool, device=self.storage_device)
+        self.truncated = torch.empty((self.capacity,), dtype=torch.bool, device=self.storage_device)
 
         # Initialize storage for complementary_info
         self.has_complementary_info = complementary_info is not None
@@ -195,7 +205,7 @@ class ReplayBuffer:
         next_state: dict[str, torch.Tensor],
         done: bool,
         truncated: bool,
-        complementary_info: dict[str, torch.Tensor] | None = None,
+        complementary_info: dict[str, torch.Tensor | float | int] | None = None,
     ):
         """Saves a transition, ensuring tensors are stored on the designated storage device."""
         # Initialize storage if this is the first transition
@@ -212,8 +222,8 @@ class ReplayBuffer:
 
         self.actions[self.position].copy_(action.squeeze(dim=0))
         self.rewards[self.position] = reward
-        self.dones[self.position] = done
+        self.terminated[self.position] = done
-        self.truncateds[self.position] = truncated
+        self.truncated[self.position] = truncated
 
         # Handle complementary_info if provided and storage is initialized
         if complementary_info is not None and self.has_complementary_info:
@@ -283,8 +293,8 @@ class ReplayBuffer:
         # Sample other tensors
         batch_actions = self.actions[idx].to(self.device)
         batch_rewards = self.rewards[idx].to(self.device)
-        batch_dones = self.dones[idx].to(self.device).float()
+        batch_terminated = self.terminated[idx].to(self.device).float()
-        batch_truncateds = self.truncateds[idx].to(self.device).float()
+        batch_truncated = self.truncated[idx].to(self.device).float()
 
         # Sample complementary_info if available
         batch_complementary_info = None
@@ -298,8 +308,8 @@ class ReplayBuffer:
             action=batch_actions,
             reward=batch_rewards,
             next_state=batch_next_state,
-            done=batch_dones,
+            terminated=batch_terminated,
-            truncated=batch_truncateds,
+            truncated=batch_truncated,
             complementary_info=batch_complementary_info,
         )
 
@@ -431,7 +441,6 @@ class ReplayBuffer:
             device (str): The device for sampling tensors. Defaults to "cuda:0".
             state_keys (Sequence[str] | None): The list of keys that appear in `state` and `next_state`.
             capacity (int | None): Buffer capacity. If None, uses dataset length.
-            action_mask (Sequence[int] | None): Indices of action dimensions to keep.
             image_augmentation_function (Callable | None): Function for image augmentation.
                 If None, uses default random shift with pad=4.
             use_drq (bool): Whether to use DrQ image augmentation when sampling.
@@ -460,12 +469,16 @@ class ReplayBuffer:
             optimize_memory=optimize_memory,
         )
 
-        # Convert dataset to transitions
+        # Convert dataset to transitions generator
-        list_transition = cls._lerobotdataset_to_transitions(dataset=lerobot_dataset, state_keys=state_keys)
+        transitions_generator = cls._lerobotdataset_to_transitions(
+            dataset=lerobot_dataset, state_keys=state_keys
+        )
+
+        # Get first transition to initialize storage
+        first_transition = next(transitions_generator, None)
 
         # Initialize the buffer with the first transition to set up storage tensors
-        if list_transition:
+        if first_transition is not None:
-            first_transition = list_transition[0]
             first_state = {k: v.to(device) for k, v in first_transition["state"].items()}
             first_action = first_transition[ACTION].to(device)
 
@@ -483,11 +496,13 @@ class ReplayBuffer:
                 state=first_state, action=first_action, complementary_info=first_complementary_info
             )
 
-        # Fill the buffer with all transitions
+        # Fill the buffer with all transitions (first + remaining)
-        for data in list_transition:
+        if first_transition is not None:
+            for data in itertools.chain([first_transition], transitions_generator):
                 for k, v in data.items():
                     if isinstance(v, dict):
                         for key, tensor in v.items():
+                            if isinstance(tensor, torch.Tensor):
                                 v[key] = tensor.to(storage_device)
                     elif isinstance(v, torch.Tensor):
                         data[k] = v.to(storage_device)
@@ -500,8 +515,8 @@ class ReplayBuffer:
                     reward=data["reward"],
                     next_state=data["next_state"],
                     done=data["done"],
-                truncated=False,  # NOTE: Truncation are not supported yet in lerobot dataset
+                    truncated=data["truncated"],
-                complementary_info=data.get("complementary_info", None),
+                    complementary_info=data.get("complementary_info"),
                 )
 
         return replay_buffer
@@ -576,10 +591,12 @@ class ReplayBuffer:
             for key in self.states:
                 frame_dict[key] = self.states[key][actual_idx].cpu()
 
-            # Fill action, reward, done
+            # Fill action, reward, done (done = terminated or truncated)
             frame_dict[ACTION] = self.actions[actual_idx].cpu()
             frame_dict[REWARD] = torch.tensor([self.rewards[actual_idx]], dtype=torch.float32).cpu()
-            frame_dict[DONE] = torch.tensor([self.dones[actual_idx]], dtype=torch.bool).cpu()
+            frame_dict[DONE] = torch.tensor(
+                [self.terminated[actual_idx] or self.truncated[actual_idx]], dtype=torch.bool
+            ).cpu()
             frame_dict["task"] = task_name
 
             # Add complementary_info if available
@@ -599,7 +616,7 @@ class ReplayBuffer:
             lerobot_dataset.add_frame(frame_dict)
 
             # If we reached an episode boundary, call save_episode, reset counters
-            if self.dones[actual_idx] or self.truncateds[actual_idx]:
+            if self.terminated[actual_idx] or self.truncated[actual_idx]:
                 lerobot_dataset.save_episode()
 
         # Save any remaining frames in the buffer
@@ -615,9 +632,11 @@ class ReplayBuffer:
     def _lerobotdataset_to_transitions(
         dataset: LeRobotDataset,
         state_keys: Sequence[str] | None = None,
-    ) -> list[Transition]:
+    ) -> Generator[Transition, None, None]:
         """
-        Convert a LeRobotDataset into a list of RL (s, a, r, s', done) transitions.
+        Convert a LeRobotDataset into a generator of RL (s, a, r, s', done) transitions.
+
+        Using a generator instead of a list is more memory efficient for large datasets.
 
         Args:
             dataset (LeRobotDataset):
@@ -637,14 +656,12 @@ class ReplayBuffer:
                 ["observation.state", "observation.environment_state"].
                 If None, you must handle or define default keys.
 
-        Returns:
+        Yields:
-            transitions (List[Transition]):
+            Transition: A transition dictionary.
-                A list of Transition dictionaries with the same length as `dataset`.
         """
         if state_keys is None:
             raise ValueError("State keys must be provided when converting LeRobotDataset to Transitions.")
 
-        transitions = []
         num_frames = len(dataset)
 
         # Check if the dataset has "next.done" key
@@ -687,8 +704,17 @@ class ReplayBuffer:
                     if next_sample["episode_index"] != current_sample["episode_index"]:
                         done = True
 
-            # TODO: (azouitine) Handle truncation (using the same value as done for now)
+            # Handle truncation separately from done
-            truncated = done
+            # This is important if the dataset has truncations (e.g., time limits)
+            truncated = False
+            if not done:
+                # If this is the last frame or if next frame is in a different episode, mark as truncated
+                if i == num_frames - 1:
+                    truncated = True
+                elif i < num_frames - 1:
+                    next_sample = dataset[i + 1]
+                    if next_sample["episode_index"] != current_sample["episode_index"]:
+                        truncated = True
 
             # ----- 4) Next state -----
             # If not done and the next sample is in the same episode, we pull the next sample's state.
@@ -716,7 +742,6 @@ class ReplayBuffer:
                     if isinstance(val, torch.Tensor):
                         complementary_info[clean_key] = val.unsqueeze(0)  # Add batch dimension
                     else:
-                        # TODO: (azouitine) Check if it's necessary to convert to tensor
                         # For non-tensor values, use directly
                         complementary_info[clean_key] = val
 
@@ -730,12 +755,10 @@ class ReplayBuffer:
                 truncated=truncated,
                 complementary_info=complementary_info,
             )
-            transitions.append(transition)
 
-        return transitions
+            yield transition
 
 
-# Utility function to guess shapes/dtypes from a tensor
 def guess_feature_info(t, name: str):
     """
     Return a dictionary with the 'dtype' and 'shape' for a given tensor or scalar value.
@@ -805,9 +828,9 @@ def concatenate_batch_transitions(
         for key in left_batch_transitions["next_state"]
     }
 
-    # Concatenate done and truncated fields
+    # Concatenate terminated and truncated fields
-    left_batch_transitions["done"] = torch.cat(
+    left_batch_transitions["terminated"] = torch.cat(
-        [left_batch_transitions["done"], right_batch_transition["done"]], dim=0
+        [left_batch_transitions["terminated"], right_batch_transition["terminated"]], dim=0
     )
     left_batch_transitions["truncated"] = torch.cat(
         [left_batch_transitions["truncated"], right_batch_transition["truncated"]],

tests/utils/test_replay_buffer.py

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ def create_dummy_transition() -> dict:
         OBS_STATE: torch.randn(
             10,
         ),
-        "done": torch.tensor(False),
+        "terminated": torch.tensor(False),
         "truncated": torch.tensor(False),
         "complementary_info": {},
     }
@@ -191,8 +191,8 @@ def test_add_transition(replay_buffer, dummy_state, dummy_action):
         "Action should be equal to the first transition."
     )
     assert replay_buffer.rewards[0] == 1.0, "Reward should be equal to the first transition."
-    assert not replay_buffer.dones[0], "Done should be False for the first transition."
+    assert not replay_buffer.terminated[0], "Terminated should be False for the first transition."
-    assert not replay_buffer.truncateds[0], "Truncated should be False for the first transition."
+    assert not replay_buffer.truncated[0], "Truncated should be False for the first transition."
 
     for dim in state_dims():
         assert torch.equal(replay_buffer.states[dim][0], dummy_state[dim]), (
@@ -232,8 +232,8 @@ def test_add_over_capacity():
         "Action should be equal to the last transition."
     )
     assert replay_buffer.rewards[0] == 1.0, "Reward should be equal to the last transition."
-    assert replay_buffer.dones[0], "Done should be True for the first transition."
+    assert replay_buffer.terminated[0], "Terminated should be True for the first transition."
-    assert replay_buffer.truncateds[0], "Truncated should be True for the first transition."
+    assert replay_buffer.truncated[0], "Truncated should be True for the first transition."
 
 
 def test_sample_from_empty_buffer(replay_buffer):
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ def test_sample_with_1_transition(replay_buffer, dummy_state, next_dummy_state,
         action=dummy_action.clone(),
         reward=1.0,
         next_state=clone_state(next_dummy_state),
-        done=False,
+        terminated=False,
         truncated=False,
     )
 
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ def test_sample_with_batch_bigger_than_buffer_size(
         action=dummy_action,
         reward=1.0,
         next_state=next_dummy_state,
-        done=False,
+        terminated=False,
         truncated=False,
     )
 
@@ -383,7 +383,8 @@ def test_to_lerobot_dataset(tmp_path):
             elif feature == REWARD:
                 assert torch.equal(value, buffer.rewards[i])
             elif feature == DONE:
-                assert torch.equal(value, buffer.dones[i])
+                # DONE in dataset is terminated OR truncated
+                assert torch.equal(value, buffer.terminated[i] | buffer.truncated[i])
             elif feature == OBS_IMAGE:
                 # Tensor -> numpy is not precise, so we have some diff there
                 # TODO: Check and fix it
@@ -427,12 +428,12 @@ def test_from_lerobot_dataset(tmp_path):
         reconverted_buffer.rewards[: len(replay_buffer)], replay_buffer.rewards[: len(replay_buffer)]
     ), "Rewards from converted buffer should be equal to the original replay buffer."
     assert torch.equal(
-        reconverted_buffer.dones[: len(replay_buffer)], replay_buffer.dones[: len(replay_buffer)]
+        reconverted_buffer.terminated[: len(replay_buffer)], replay_buffer.terminated[: len(replay_buffer)]
-    ), "Dones from converted buffer should be equal to the original replay buffer."
+    ), "Terminated flags from converted buffer should be equal to the original replay buffer."
 
-    # Lerobot DS haven't supported truncateds yet
+    # LeRobot DS hasn't supported truncated yet
-    expected_truncateds = torch.zeros(len(replay_buffer)).bool()
+    expected_truncated = torch.zeros(len(replay_buffer)).bool()
-    assert torch.equal(reconverted_buffer.truncateds[: len(replay_buffer)], expected_truncateds), (
+    assert torch.equal(reconverted_buffer.truncated[: len(replay_buffer)], expected_truncated), (
         "Truncateds from converted buffer should be equal False"
     )
 
@@ -498,7 +499,7 @@ def test_buffer_sample_alignment():
         action_val = batch[ACTION][i].item()
         reward_val = batch["reward"][i].item()
         next_state_sig = batch["next_state"]["state_value"][i].item()
-        is_done = batch["done"][i].item() > 0.5
+        is_terminated = batch["terminated"][i].item() > 0.5
 
         # Verify relationships
         assert abs(action_val - 2.0 * state_sig) < 1e-4, (
@@ -509,9 +510,9 @@ def test_buffer_sample_alignment():
             f"Reward {reward_val} should be 3x state signature {state_sig}"
         )
 
-        if is_done:
+        if is_terminated:
             assert abs(next_state_sig - state_sig) < 1e-4, (
-                f"For done states, next_state {next_state_sig} should equal state {state_sig}"
+                f"For terminated states, next_state {next_state_sig} should equal state {state_sig}"
             )
         else:
             # Either it's the next sequential state (+0.01) or same state (for episode boundaries)