chore(deps): bump the uv group across 1 directory with 2 updates

Bumps the uv group with 2 updates in the / directory: [setuptools](https://github.com/pypa/setuptools) and [pytest](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest). Updates `setuptools` from 80.10.2 to 83.0.0 - [Release notes](https://github.com/pypa/setuptools/releases) - [Changelog](https://github.com/pypa/setuptools/blob/main/NEWS.rst) - [Commits](https://github.com/pypa/setuptools/compare/v80.10.2...v83.0.0) Updates `pytest` from 8.4.2 to 9.0.3 - [Release notes](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/releases) - [Changelog](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/blob/main/CHANGELOG.rst) - [Commits](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/compare/8.4.2...9.0.3) --- updated-dependencies: - dependency-name: setuptools dependency-version: 83.0.0 dependency-type: direct:development dependency-group: uv - dependency-name: pytest dependency-version: 9.0.3 dependency-type: direct:production dependency-group: uv ... Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
2026-07-30 21:19:40 +00:00 · 2026-07-28 14:29:26 +00:00
68 changed files with 434 additions and 1203 deletions
@@ -61,20 +61,16 @@ Full details in [`docs/source/so101.mdx`](./docs/source/so101.mdx) and [`docs/so
 **4.1 Install**

 ```bash
-# uv (recommended — see AGENTS.md and CLAUDE.md)
-uv sync --locked --extra feetech          # SO-100/SO-101 motor stack
-# uv sync --locked --extra all            # everything
-# uv sync --locked --extra smolvla        # add SmolVLA deps
-
-# pip (alternative, e.g. when not working from source)
-# pip install 'lerobot[feetech]'
-# pip install 'lerobot[all]'
-# pip install 'lerobot[smolvla]'
-
+pip install 'lerobot[feetech]'              # SO-100/SO-101 motor stack
+# pip install 'lerobot[all]'                # everything
+# pip install 'lerobot[aloha,pusht]'        # specific features
+# pip install 'lerobot[smolvla]'            # add SmolVLA deps
 git lfs install && git lfs pull
-hf auth login                             # required to push datasets/policies
+hf auth login                               # required to push datasets/policies
 ```

+Contributors can alternatively use `uv sync --locked --extra feetech` (see `AGENTS.md`).
+
 **4.2 Find USB ports** — run once per arm, unplug when prompted.

 ```bash
@@ -68,16 +68,17 @@ ENV HOME=/home/user_lerobot \
 # issues with MuJoCo and OpenGL drivers.
 RUN uv venv --python python${PYTHON_VERSION}

-# Install third-party dependencies separately for layer caching
+# Install Python dependencies for caching
 COPY --chown=user_lerobot:user_lerobot setup.py pyproject.toml uv.lock README.md MANIFEST.in ./
-RUN uv sync --locked --extra all --no-install-project --no-cache
+COPY --chown=user_lerobot:user_lerobot src/ src/
+
+RUN uv sync --locked --extra all --no-cache

 RUN chmod +x /lerobot/.venv/lib/python${PYTHON_VERSION}/site-packages/triton/backends/nvidia/bin/ptxas

-# Copy the application source code and install the local project
+# Copy the rest of the application source code
 # Make sure to have the git-LFS files for testing
 COPY --chown=user_lerobot:user_lerobot . .
-RUN uv sync --locked --extra all --no-cache

 # Set the default command
 CMD ["/bin/bash"]
@@ -60,14 +60,15 @@ ENV HOME=/home/user_lerobot \
 # run other Python projects in the same container without dependency conflicts.
 RUN uv venv

-# Install third-party dependencies separately for layer caching
+# Install Python dependencies for caching
 COPY --chown=user_lerobot:user_lerobot setup.py pyproject.toml uv.lock README.md MANIFEST.in ./
-RUN uv sync --locked --extra all --no-install-project --no-cache
+COPY --chown=user_lerobot:user_lerobot src/ src/

-# Copy the application code and install the local project
+RUN uv sync --locked --extra all --no-cache
+
+# Copy the rest of the application code
 # Make sure to have the git-LFS files for testing
 COPY --chown=user_lerobot:user_lerobot . .
-RUN uv sync --locked --extra all --no-cache

 # Set the default command
 CMD ["/bin/bash"]
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ final_action = postprocessor(action)

 ## Hardware API redesign

-PR [#777](https://github.com/huggingface/lerobot/pull/777) improves the LeRobot calibration but is **not backward-compatible**. Below is an overview of what changed and how you can continue to work with datasets created before this pull request.
+PR [#777](https://github.com/huggingface/lerobot/pull/777) improves the LeRobot calibration but is **not backward-compatible**. Below is a overview of what changed and how you can continue to work with datasets created before this pull request.

 ### What changed?

@@ -129,8 +129,8 @@ python examples/backward_compatibility/replay.py \

 Policies output actions in the same format as the datasets (`torch.Tensors`). Therefore, the same transformations should be applied.

-To find these transformations, we recommend first replaying an episode of the dataset your policy was trained on using the section above.
-Then, add these same transformations to your inference script (shown here in the `record.py` script):
+To find these transformations, we recommend to first try and and replay an episode of the dataset your policy was trained on using the section above.
+Then, add these same transformations on your inference script (shown here in the `record.py` script):

 ```diff
 action_values = predict_action(
@@ -88,6 +88,20 @@ policy_preprocessor = NormalizerProcessorStep(stats=dataset_stats)

 The same policy can work with different environment processors, and the same environment processor can work with different policies:

+````python
+# Use SmolVLA policy with LIBERO environment
+# Use SmolVLA policy with LIBERO environment
+libero_preprocessor, libero_postprocessor = make_env_pre_post_processors(
+    env_cfg=libero_cfg,
+    policy_cfg=smolvla_cfg,
+)
+smolvla_preprocessor, smolvla_postprocessor = make_pre_post_processors(smolvla_cfg)
+# Or use ACT policy with the same LIBERO environment
+libero_preprocessor, libero_postprocessor = make_env_pre_post_processors(
+    env_cfg=libero_cfg,
+    policy_cfg=act_cfg,
+)
+act_preprocessor, act_postprocessor = make_pre_post_processors(act_cfg)
 ```python
 # Use SmolVLA policy with LIBERO environment
 libero_preprocessor, libero_postprocessor = make_env_pre_post_processors(
@@ -102,7 +116,6 @@ libero_preprocessor, libero_postprocessor = make_env_pre_post_processors(
    policy_cfg=act_cfg,
 )
 act_preprocessor, act_postprocessor = make_pre_post_processors(act_cfg)
-```

 ### 3. **Easier Experimentation**

@@ -132,7 +145,7 @@ class LiberoVelocityProcessorStep(ObservationProcessorStep):
        state = torch.cat([eef_pos, eef_axisangle, eef_vel,
                          gripper_pos, gripper_vel], dim=-1)  # 14D
        return state
-```
+````

 ### 4. **Cleaner Environment Code**

@@ -40,10 +40,10 @@ This tutorial guides you through updating the firmware of Feetech motors using t
 For each motor you want to update:

 1. **Select the motor** from the list by clicking on it
-2. **Click the Upgrade tab**:
-3. **Click the Online button**:
-   - If a potential firmware update is found, it will be displayed in the box
-4. **Click the Upgrade button**:
+2. **Click on Upgrade tab**:
+3. **Click on Online button**:
+   - If an potential firmware update is found, it will be displayed in the box
+4. **Click on Upgrade button**:
   - The update progress will be displayed

 ## Step 6: Verify Update
@@ -59,7 +59,6 @@ The `lerobot-rollout --strategy.type=dagger` mode requires **teleoperators with

 - `bi_openarm_mini` - Bimanual OpenArm Mini
 - `so_leader` - SO100 / SO101 leader arm
- `bi_so_leader` - Bimanual SO100 / SO101 leader arms

 > [!IMPORTANT]
 > The provided commands default to `bi_openarm_follower` + `bi_openarm_mini`.
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ Record, Replay and Train with Hope-JR is still experimental.

 ### Record

-This step records the dataset, which can be seen as an example [here](https://huggingface.co/datasets/nepyope/hand_record_test_with_video_data).
+This step records the dataset, which can be seen as an example [here](https://huggingface.co/datasets/nepyope/hand_record_test_with_video_data/settings).

 ```bash
 lerobot-record \
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ If you're using Feetech or Dynamixel motors, LeRobot provides built-in bus inter
 - [`DynamixelMotorsBus`](https://github.com/huggingface/lerobot/blob/main/src/lerobot/motors/dynamixel/dynamixel.py) – for controlling Dynamixel servos

 Please refer to the [`MotorsBus`](https://github.com/huggingface/lerobot/blob/main/src/lerobot/motors/motors_bus.py) abstract class to learn about its API.
-For a good example of how it can be used, you can have a look at our own [SO101 follower implementation](https://github.com/huggingface/lerobot/blob/main/src/lerobot/robots/so_follower/so_follower.py)
+For a good example of how it can be used, you can have a look at our own [SO101 follower implementation](https://github.com/huggingface/lerobot/blob/main/src/lerobot/robots/so_follower/so101_follower/so101_follower.py)

 Use these if compatible. Otherwise, you'll need to find or write a Python interface (not covered in this tutorial):

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ In addition to these instructions, you need to install the Feetech SDK & ZeroMQ
 pip install -e ".[lekiwi]"
 ```

-Great 🤗! You are now done installing LeRobot, and we can begin assembling the SO100/SO101 arms and the mobile base 🤖.
+Great :hugs:! You are now done installing LeRobot, and we can begin assembling the SO100/SO101 arms and the mobile base :robot:.
 Every time you now want to use LeRobot, you can go to the `~/lerobot` folder where we installed LeRobot and run one of the commands.

 # Step-by-Step Assembly Instructions
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ The model takes images, text instructions, and robot state as input, and outputs

 ## Reproducing π₀Fast results

-We reproduce the results of π₀Fast on the LIBERO benchmark using the LeRobot implementation. We take the LeRobot PiFast base model [lerobot/pi0fast-base](https://huggingface.co/lerobot/pi0fast-base) and finetune for an additional 40k steps in bfloat16, with batch size of 256 on 8 H100 GPUs using the [HuggingFace LIBERO dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/HuggingFaceVLA/libero).
+We reproduce the results of π₀Fast on the LIBERO benchmark using the LeRobot implementation. We take the LeRobot PiFast base model [lerobot/pi0fast-base](https://huggingface.co/lerobot/pi0fast-base) and finetune for an additional 40kk steps in bfloat16, with batch size of 256 on 8 H100 GPUs using the [HuggingFace LIBERO dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/HuggingFaceVLA/libero).

 The finetuned model can be found here:

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ With processors, you choose the learning features you want to use for your polic
 ## Three pipelines

 We often compose three pipelines. Depending on your setup, some can be empty if action and observation spaces already match.
-Each of these pipelines handles different conversions between different action and observation spaces. Below is a quick explanation of each pipeline.
+Each of these pipelines handle different conversions between different action and observation spaces. Below is a quick explanation of each pipeline.

 1. Pipeline 1: Teleop action space → dataset action space (phone pose → EE targets)
 2. Pipeline 2: Dataset action space → robot command space (EE targets → joints)
@@ -74,15 +74,15 @@ In the phone to SO-100 follower examples we use the following adapters:
 - `robot_action_to_transition`: transforms the teleop action dict to a pipeline transition.
 - `transition_to_robot_action`: transforms the pipeline transition to a robot action dict.
 - `observation_to_transition`: transforms the robot observation dict to a pipeline transition.
- `transition_to_observation`: transforms the pipeline transition to an observation dict.
+- `transition_to_observation`: transforms the pipeline transition to a observation dict.

-Check out [src/lerobot/processor/converters.py](https://github.com/huggingface/lerobot/blob/main/src/lerobot/processor/converters.py) for more details.
+Checkout [src/lerobot/processor/converters.py](https://github.com/huggingface/lerobot/blob/main/src/lerobot/processor/converters.py) for more details.

 ## Dataset feature contracts

 Dataset features are determined by the keys saved in the dataset. Each step can declare what features it modifies in a contract called `transform_features(...)`. Once you build a processor, the processor can then aggregate all of these features with `aggregate_pipeline_dataset_features()` and merge multiple feature dicts with `combine_feature_dicts(...)`.

-Below is an example of how we declare features with the `transform_features` method in the phone to SO-100 follower examples:
+Below is and example of how we declare features with the `transform_features` method in the phone to SO-100 follower examples:

 ```python
    def transform_features(
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ policy_cfg.rtc_config = RTCConfig(
 policy = PI0Policy.from_pretrained("lerobot/pi0_base", policy_cfg=policy_cfg, device="cuda")

 # Now use predict_action_chunk with RTC parameters
-inference_delay = 4  # How many steps of inference latency, this value should be calculated based on the inference latency of the policy
+inference_delay = 4  # How many steps of inference latency, this values should be calculated based on the inference latency of the policy

 # Initialize the action queue
 action_queue = ActionQueue(policy_cfg.rtc_config)
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ Typical values: 8-12 steps
 RTCConfig(execution_horizon=10)
 ```

-**`max_guidance_weight`**: How strongly to enforce consistency with the previous chunk. This is a hyperparameter that can be tuned to balance the smoothness of the transitions and the reactivity of the policy. For 10 steps flow matching (SmolVLA, Pi0, Pi0.5), a value of 10.0 is an optimal value.
+**`max_guidance_weight`**: How strongly to enforce consistency with the previous chunk. This is a hyperparameter that can be tuned to balance the smoothness of the transitions and the reactivity of the policy. For 10 steps flow matching (SmolVLA, Pi0, Pi0.5), a value of 10.0 is a optimal value.

 **`prefix_attention_schedule`**: How to weight consistency across the overlap region.

@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ lerobot-train --help

 ## Evaluate the finetuned model and run it in real-time

-Similarly for when recording an episode, it is recommended that you are logged in to the HuggingFace Hub. You can follow the corresponding steps: [Record a dataset](./il_robots#record-a-dataset).
+Similarly for when recording an episode, it is recommended that you are logged in to the HuggingFace Hub. You can follow the corresponding steps: [Record a dataset](./il_robots).
 Once you are logged in, you can run inference in your setup by doing:

 ```bash
@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ It is advisable to install one 3-pin cable in the motor after placing them befor
 <hfoption id="Leader">

 - Mount the leader holder onto the wrist and secure it with 4 M3x6mm screws.
- Attach the handle to the leader holder using 1 M2x6mm screw.
+- Attach the handle to motor 5 using 1 M2x6mm screw.
 - Insert the gripper motor, secure it with 2 M2x6mm screws on each side, attach a motor horn using a M3x6mm horn screw.
 - Attach the follower trigger with 4 M3x6mm screws.

@@ -11,10 +11,9 @@ LeRobot provides several utilities for manipulating datasets:
 3. **Merge Datasets** - Combine multiple datasets into one. The datasets must have identical features, and episodes are concatenated in the order specified in `repo_ids`
 4. **Add Features** - Add new features to a dataset
 5. **Remove Features** - Remove features from a dataset
-6. **Modify Tasks** - Change the natural-language task descriptions associated with episodes
-7. **Convert to Video** - Convert image-based datasets to video format for efficient storage (RGB and depth cameras are encoded with separate encoders)
-8. **Re-encode Videos** - Re-encode an existing video dataset's RGB and/or depth streams with new encoder settings
-9. **Show the Info of Datasets** - Show the summary of datasets information such as number of episode etc.
+6. **Convert to Video** - Convert image-based datasets to video format for efficient storage (RGB and depth cameras are encoded with separate encoders)
+7. **Re-encode Videos** - Re-encode an existing video dataset's RGB and/or depth streams with new encoder settings
+8. **Show the Info of Datasets** - Show the summary of datasets information such as number of episode etc.

 The core implementation is in `lerobot.datasets.dataset_tools`.
 An example script detailing how to use the tools API is available in `examples/dataset/use_dataset_tools.py`.
@@ -51,11 +50,11 @@ lerobot-edit-dataset \
 Divide a dataset into multiple subsets.

 ```bash
-# Split by fractions (e.g. 60% train, 20% val, 20% test)
+# Split by fractions (e.g. 80% train, 20% test, 20% val)
 lerobot-edit-dataset \
    --repo_id lerobot/pusht \
    --operation.type split \
-    --operation.splits '{"train": 0.6, "val": 0.2, "test": 0.2}'
+    --operation.splits '{"train": 0.8, "test": 0.2, "val": 0.2}'

 # Split by specific episode indices
 lerobot-edit-dataset \
@@ -90,53 +89,6 @@ lerobot-edit-dataset \
    --operation.feature_names "['observation.images.top']"
 ```

-#### Modify Tasks
-
-Change the natural-language task descriptions attached to episodes. This is useful for fixing typos, standardizing wording, or re-labeling episodes.
-
-> [!WARNING]
-> `modify_tasks` modifies the dataset **in-place** (updating `meta/tasks.parquet`, the `task_index` column in the data files, the `tasks` column in the episode metadata, and `total_tasks` in `meta/info.json`). The `--new_repo_id` and `--new_root` parameters are ignored for this operation.
-
-```bash
-# Set a single task for all episodes
-lerobot-edit-dataset \
-    --repo_id lerobot/pusht \
-    --operation.type modify_tasks \
-    --operation.new_task "Pick up the cube and place it"
-
-# Set different tasks for specific episodes
-lerobot-edit-dataset \
-    --repo_id lerobot/pusht \
-    --operation.type modify_tasks \
-    --operation.episode_tasks '{"0": "Task A", "1": "Task B", "2": "Task A"}'
-
-# Replace existing task strings wherever they appear
-lerobot-edit-dataset \
-    --repo_id lerobot/pusht \
-    --operation.type modify_tasks \
-    --operation.task_replacements '{"Pick up the red cube": "Lift the red cube"}'
-
-# Combine modes in a single run
-lerobot-edit-dataset \
-    --repo_id lerobot/pusht \
-    --operation.type modify_tasks \
-    --operation.new_task "Default task" \
-    --operation.task_replacements '{"Pick up the red cube": "Lift the red cube"}' \
-    --operation.episode_tasks '{"5": "Special task for episode 5"}'
-```
-
-**Parameters:**
-
- `new_task`: A single task string used as the default for episodes not otherwise covered.
- `episode_tasks`: Mapping from episode index to task string.
- `task_replacements`: Mapping from existing task strings to their replacements, applied to episodes whose current task matches a key. Every key must be an existing task in the dataset.
-
-The modes can be combined in a single run. Per episode, the task is resolved with the following precedence:
-
-`episode_tasks` > `task_replacements` > `new_task` > original task
-
-At least one of `new_task`, `episode_tasks`, or `task_replacements` must be specified. An episode that ends up with no task raises an error.
-
 #### Convert to Video

 Convert an image-based dataset to video format, creating a new LeRobotDataset where images are stored as videos. This is useful for reducing storage requirements and improving data loading performance. The new dataset will have the exact same structure as the original, but with images encoded as MP4 videos in the proper LeRobot format.
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@

 [build-system]
 requires = ["setuptools"]
-build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
+build-backend = "setuptools*"

 [project.urls]
 homepage = "https://huggingface.co/lerobot"
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ dependencies = [
    "einops>=0.8.0,<0.9.0",

    # Config & Hub
-    "draccus>=0.11.6,<0.12.0",
+    "draccus==0.10.0", # TODO: Relax version constraint
    "huggingface-hub>=1.0.0,<2.0.0",
    "requests>=2.32.0,<3.0.0",

@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ dependencies = [

    # Build tools (required by opencv-python-headless on some platforms)
    "cmake>=3.29.0.1,<4.2.0",
-    "setuptools>=71.0.0,<81.0.0",
+    "setuptools>=71.0.0,<84.0.0",
 ]

 # Optional dependencies
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ annotations = [
 # Development
 dev = ["pre-commit>=3.7.0,<5.0.0", "debugpy>=1.8.1,<1.9.0", "lerobot[grpcio-dep]", "grpcio-tools>=1.73.1,<2.0.0", "mypy>=1.19.1", "ruff>=0.14.1", "lerobot[notebook]"]
 notebook = ["jupyter>=1.0.0,<2.0.0", "ipykernel>=6.0.0,<7.0.0"]
-test = ["pytest>=8.1.0,<9.0.0", "pytest-timeout>=2.4.0,<3.0.0", "pytest-cov>=5.0.0,<8.0.0", "mock-serial>=0.0.1,<0.1.0 ; sys_platform != 'win32'"]
+test = ["pytest>=8.1.0,<10.0.0", "pytest-timeout>=2.4.0,<3.0.0", "pytest-cov>=5.0.0,<8.0.0", "mock-serial>=0.0.1,<0.1.0 ; sys_platform != 'win32'"]
 video_benchmark = ["scikit-image>=0.23.2,<0.26.0", "pandas>=2.2.2,<2.4.0"]

 # Simulation
@@ -163,10 +163,8 @@ class PreTrainedConfig(draccus.ChoiceRegistry, HubMixin, abc.ABC):  # type: igno
        return None

    def _save_pretrained(self, save_directory: Path) -> None:
-        # Encode against the base class so draccus includes the choice "type" key,
-        # which `from_pretrained` needs to resolve the concrete subclass.
-        with open(save_directory / CONFIG_NAME, "w") as f:
-            json.dump(draccus.encode(self, PreTrainedConfig), f, indent=4)
+        with open(save_directory / CONFIG_NAME, "w") as f, draccus.config_type("json"):
+            draccus.dump(self, f, indent=4)

    @classmethod
    def from_pretrained(
@@ -103,10 +103,8 @@ class RewardModelConfig(draccus.ChoiceRegistry, HubMixin, abc.ABC):
        pass

    def _save_pretrained(self, save_directory: Path) -> None:
-        # Encode against the base class so draccus includes the choice "type" key,
-        # which `from_pretrained` needs to resolve the concrete subclass.
-        with open(save_directory / CONFIG_NAME, "w") as f:
-            json.dump(draccus.encode(self, RewardModelConfig), f, indent=4)
+        with open(save_directory / CONFIG_NAME, "w") as f, draccus.config_type("json"):
+            draccus.dump(self, f, indent=4)

    @classmethod
    def from_pretrained(
@@ -194,11 +194,7 @@ class TrainPipelineConfig(HubMixin):
            )

        if Path(config_path).resolve().exists():
-            # `config_path` may point at the checkpoint's train_config.json or at its
-            # pretrained_model/ directory (both documented above) — resolve either to
-            # the pretrained_model/ directory.
-            config_path_obj = Path(config_path)
-            policy_dir = config_path_obj.parent if config_path_obj.is_file() else config_path_obj
+            policy_dir = Path(config_path).parent
            self.checkpoint_path = policy_dir.parent
        elif self.job.is_remote:
            return
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ import copy
 import logging
 import shutil
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Any, NotRequired, TypedDict

 import datasets
 import pandas as pd
@@ -50,32 +49,8 @@ from .utils import (
 )
 from .video_utils import concatenate_video_files, get_video_duration_in_s

-logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

-type FeatureDict = dict[str, dict[str, Any]]
-type ChunkFile = tuple[int, int]
-
-
-class IndexState(TypedDict):
-    chunk: int
-    file: int
-    src_to_dst: NotRequired[dict[ChunkFile, ChunkFile]]
-
-
-class VideoIndex(TypedDict):
-    chunk: int
-    file: int
-    latest_duration: float
-    episode_duration: float
-    src_to_offset: NotRequired[dict[ChunkFile, float]]
-    src_to_dst: NotRequired[dict[ChunkFile, ChunkFile]]
-    dst_file_durations: NotRequired[dict[ChunkFile, float]]
-
-
-type VideoIndexState = dict[str, VideoIndex]
-
-
-def merge_video_feature_info_for_aggregate(all_metadata: list[LeRobotDatasetMetadata]) -> FeatureDict:
+def merge_video_feature_info_for_aggregate(all_metadata: list[LeRobotDatasetMetadata]) -> dict[str, dict]:
    """Create a merged video feature info dictionary for aggregation. The video encoder info is merged field-by-field: each key is kept only when every source agrees; otherwise that key is set to ``null`` (or ``{}`` for ``video.extra_options``) and a warning is logged.

    Args:
@@ -84,14 +59,14 @@ def merge_video_feature_info_for_aggregate(all_metadata: list[LeRobotDatasetMeta
    Returns:
        dict: A dictionary of merged video feature info.
    """
-    merged_info: FeatureDict = copy.deepcopy(all_metadata[0].features)
+    merged_info = copy.deepcopy(all_metadata[0].features)
    video_keys = [k for k in merged_info if merged_info[k].get("dtype") == "video"]

    for vk in video_keys:
        video_infos = [m.features.get(vk, {}).get("info") or {} for m in all_metadata]
        base_video_info = video_infos[0]

-        merged_encoder_info: dict[str, Any] = {}
+        merged_encoder_info: dict = {}
        fallback_keys: list[str] = []
        for info_key in VIDEO_ENCODER_INFO_KEYS:
            values = [info.get(info_key, None) for info in video_infos]
@@ -105,7 +80,7 @@ def merge_video_feature_info_for_aggregate(all_metadata: list[LeRobotDatasetMeta
                merged_encoder_info[info_key] = {} if info_key == "video.extra_options" else None

        if fallback_keys:
-            logger.warning(
+            logging.warning(
                f"Merging heterogeneous or incomplete video encoder metadata for feature {vk}. "
                f"Setting these keys to null: {fallback_keys}.",
            )
@@ -117,7 +92,7 @@ def merge_video_feature_info_for_aggregate(all_metadata: list[LeRobotDatasetMeta
    return merged_info


-def validate_all_metadata(all_metadata: list[LeRobotDatasetMetadata]) -> tuple[int, str | None, FeatureDict]:
+def validate_all_metadata(all_metadata: list[LeRobotDatasetMetadata]):
    """Validates that all dataset metadata have consistent properties.

    Ensures all datasets have the same fps, robot_type, and features to guarantee
@@ -154,9 +129,7 @@ def validate_all_metadata(all_metadata: list[LeRobotDatasetMetadata]) -> tuple[i
    return fps, robot_type, features


-def update_data_df(
-    df: pd.DataFrame, src_meta: LeRobotDatasetMetadata, dst_meta: LeRobotDatasetMetadata
-) -> pd.DataFrame:
+def update_data_df(df, src_meta, dst_meta):
    """Updates a data DataFrame with new indices and task mappings for aggregation.

    Adjusts episode indices, frame indices, and task indices to account for
@@ -181,12 +154,12 @@ def update_data_df(


 def update_meta_data(
-    df: pd.DataFrame,
-    dst_meta: LeRobotDatasetMetadata,
-    meta_idx: IndexState,
-    data_idx: IndexState,
-    videos_idx: VideoIndexState,
-) -> pd.DataFrame:
+    df,
+    dst_meta,
+    meta_idx,
+    data_idx,
+    videos_idx,
+):
    """Updates metadata DataFrame with new chunk, file, and timestamp indices.

    Adjusts all indices and timestamps to account for previously aggregated
@@ -316,7 +289,7 @@ def aggregate_datasets(
    chunk_size: int | None = None,
    concatenate_videos: bool = True,
    concatenate_data: bool = True,
-) -> None:
+):
    """Aggregates multiple LeRobot datasets into a single unified dataset.

    This is the main function that orchestrates the aggregation process by:
@@ -336,7 +309,7 @@ def aggregate_datasets(
        concatenate_videos: When False, keep one mp4 per source file instead of packing into shards.
        concatenate_data: When False, keep one parquet per source file instead of packing into shards.
    """
-    logger.info("Start aggregate_datasets")
+    logging.info("Start aggregate_datasets")

    if data_files_size_in_mb is None:
        data_files_size_in_mb = DEFAULT_DATA_FILE_SIZE_IN_MB
@@ -368,15 +341,15 @@ def aggregate_datasets(
        video_files_size_in_mb=video_files_size_in_mb,
    )

-    logger.info("Find all tasks")
+    logging.info("Find all tasks")
    unique_tasks = pd.concat([m.tasks for m in all_metadata]).index.unique()
    dst_meta.tasks = pd.DataFrame(
        {"task_index": range(len(unique_tasks))}, index=pd.Index(unique_tasks, name="task")
    )

-    meta_idx: IndexState = {"chunk": 0, "file": 0}
-    data_idx: IndexState = {"chunk": 0, "file": 0}
-    videos_idx: VideoIndexState = {
+    meta_idx = {"chunk": 0, "file": 0}
+    data_idx = {"chunk": 0, "file": 0}
+    videos_idx = {
        key: {"chunk": 0, "file": 0, "latest_duration": 0, "episode_duration": 0} for key in video_keys
    }

@@ -400,17 +373,12 @@ def aggregate_datasets(
        dst_meta.info.total_frames += src_meta.total_frames

    finalize_aggregation(dst_meta, all_metadata)
-    logger.info("Aggregation complete.")
+    logging.info("Aggregation complete.")


 def aggregate_videos(
-    src_meta: LeRobotDatasetMetadata,
-    dst_meta: LeRobotDatasetMetadata,
-    videos_idx: VideoIndexState,
-    video_files_size_in_mb: float,
-    chunk_size: int,
-    concatenate_videos: bool = True,
-) -> VideoIndexState:
+    src_meta, dst_meta, videos_idx, video_files_size_in_mb, chunk_size, concatenate_videos=True
+):
    """Aggregates video chunks from a source dataset into the destination dataset.

    Handles video file concatenation and rotation based on file size limits.
@@ -438,16 +406,15 @@ def aggregate_videos(
            videos_idx[key]["dst_file_durations"] = {}

    for key, video_idx in videos_idx.items():
-        unique_chunk_file_pairs: list[ChunkFile] = sorted(
-            {
-                (chunk, file)
-                for chunk, file in zip(
-                    src_meta.episodes[f"videos/{key}/chunk_index"],
-                    src_meta.episodes[f"videos/{key}/file_index"],
-                    strict=False,
-                )
-            }
-        )
+        unique_chunk_file_pairs = {
+            (chunk, file)
+            for chunk, file in zip(
+                src_meta.episodes[f"videos/{key}/chunk_index"],
+                src_meta.episodes[f"videos/{key}/file_index"],
+                strict=False,
+            )
+        }
+        unique_chunk_file_pairs = sorted(unique_chunk_file_pairs)

        chunk_idx = video_idx["chunk"]
        file_idx = video_idx["file"]
@@ -522,14 +489,7 @@ def aggregate_videos(
    return videos_idx


-def aggregate_data(
-    src_meta: LeRobotDatasetMetadata,
-    dst_meta: LeRobotDatasetMetadata,
-    data_idx: IndexState,
-    data_files_size_in_mb: float,
-    chunk_size: int,
-    concatenate_data: bool = True,
-) -> IndexState:
+def aggregate_data(src_meta, dst_meta, data_idx, data_files_size_in_mb, chunk_size, concatenate_data=True):
    """Aggregates data chunks from a source dataset into the destination dataset.

    Reads source data files, updates indices to match the aggregated dataset,
@@ -550,16 +510,14 @@ def aggregate_data(
    Returns:
        dict: Updated data_idx with current chunk and file indices.
    """
-    unique_chunk_file_ids: list[ChunkFile] = sorted(
-        {
-            (c, f)
-            for c, f in zip(
-                src_meta.episodes["data/chunk_index"],
-                src_meta.episodes["data/file_index"],
-                strict=False,
-            )
-        }
-    )
+    unique_chunk_file_ids = {
+        (c, f)
+        for c, f in zip(
+            src_meta.episodes["data/chunk_index"], src_meta.episodes["data/file_index"], strict=False
+        )
+    }
+
+    unique_chunk_file_ids = sorted(unique_chunk_file_ids)
    contains_images = len(dst_meta.image_keys) > 0

    # retrieve features schema for proper image typing in parquet
@@ -567,7 +525,7 @@ def aggregate_data(

    # Track source to destination file mapping for metadata update
    # This is critical for handling datasets that are already results of a merge
-    src_to_dst: dict[ChunkFile, ChunkFile] = {}
+    src_to_dst: dict[tuple[int, int], tuple[int, int]] = {}

    for src_chunk_idx, src_file_idx in unique_chunk_file_ids:
        src_path = src_meta.root / DEFAULT_DATA_PATH.format(
@@ -606,13 +564,7 @@ def aggregate_data(
    return data_idx


-def aggregate_metadata(
-    src_meta: LeRobotDatasetMetadata,
-    dst_meta: LeRobotDatasetMetadata,
-    meta_idx: IndexState,
-    data_idx: IndexState,
-    videos_idx: VideoIndexState,
-) -> IndexState:
+def aggregate_metadata(src_meta, dst_meta, meta_idx, data_idx, videos_idx):
    """Aggregates metadata from a source dataset into the destination dataset.

    Reads source metadata files, updates all indices and timestamps,
@@ -628,16 +580,16 @@ def aggregate_metadata(
    Returns:
        dict: Updated meta_idx with current chunk and file indices.
    """
-    chunk_file_ids: list[ChunkFile] = sorted(
-        {
-            (c, f)
-            for c, f in zip(
-                src_meta.episodes["meta/episodes/chunk_index"],
-                src_meta.episodes["meta/episodes/file_index"],
-                strict=False,
-            )
-        }
-    )
+    chunk_file_ids = {
+        (c, f)
+        for c, f in zip(
+            src_meta.episodes["meta/episodes/chunk_index"],
+            src_meta.episodes["meta/episodes/file_index"],
+            strict=False,
+        )
+    }
+
+    chunk_file_ids = sorted(chunk_file_ids)
    for chunk_idx, file_idx in chunk_file_ids:
        src_path = src_meta.root / DEFAULT_EPISODES_PATH.format(chunk_index=chunk_idx, file_index=file_idx)
        df = pd.read_parquet(src_path)
@@ -670,16 +622,16 @@ def aggregate_metadata(
 def append_or_create_parquet_file(
    df: pd.DataFrame,
    src_path: Path,
-    idx: IndexState,
+    idx: dict[str, int],
    max_mb: float,
    chunk_size: int,
    default_path: str,
    contains_images: bool = False,
-    aggr_root: Path | None = None,
+    aggr_root: Path = None,
    hf_features: datasets.Features | None = None,
    concatenate: bool = True,
    one_row_group_per_episode: bool = False,
-) -> tuple[IndexState, ChunkFile]:
+) -> tuple[dict[str, int], tuple[int, int]]:
    """Appends data to an existing parquet file or creates a new one based on size constraints.

    Manages file rotation when size limits are exceeded to prevent individual files
@@ -702,13 +654,7 @@ def append_or_create_parquet_file(
    Returns:
        tuple: (updated_idx, (dst_chunk, dst_file)) where updated_idx is the index dict
               and (dst_chunk, dst_file) is the actual destination file the data was written to.
-
-    Raises:
-        ValueError: If aggr_root is not provided.
    """
-    if aggr_root is None:
-        raise ValueError("aggr_root must be provided.")
-
    dst_chunk, dst_file = idx["chunk"], idx["file"]
    dst_path = aggr_root / default_path.format(chunk_index=dst_chunk, file_index=dst_file)

@@ -752,9 +698,7 @@ def append_or_create_parquet_file(
    return idx, (dst_chunk, dst_file)


-def finalize_aggregation(
-    aggr_meta: LeRobotDatasetMetadata, all_metadata: list[LeRobotDatasetMetadata]
-) -> None:
+def finalize_aggregation(aggr_meta, all_metadata):
    """Finalizes the dataset aggregation by writing summary files and statistics.

    Writes the tasks file, info file with total counts and splits, and
@@ -764,16 +708,16 @@ def finalize_aggregation(
        aggr_meta: Aggregated dataset metadata.
        all_metadata: List of all source dataset metadata objects.
    """
-    logger.info("write tasks")
+    logging.info("write tasks")
    write_tasks(aggr_meta.tasks, aggr_meta.root)

-    logger.info("write info")
+    logging.info("write info")
    aggr_meta.info.total_tasks = len(aggr_meta.tasks)
    aggr_meta.info.total_episodes = sum(m.total_episodes for m in all_metadata)
    aggr_meta.info.total_frames = sum(m.total_frames for m in all_metadata)
    aggr_meta.info.splits = {"train": f"0:{sum(m.total_episodes for m in all_metadata)}"}
    write_info(aggr_meta.info, aggr_meta.root)

-    logger.info("write stats")
+    logging.info("write stats")
    aggr_meta.stats = aggregate_stats([m.stats for m in all_metadata])
    write_stats(aggr_meta.stats, aggr_meta.root)
@@ -1435,18 +1435,15 @@ def modify_tasks(
    dataset: LeRobotDataset,
    new_task: str | None = None,
    episode_tasks: dict[int, str] | None = None,
-    task_replacements: dict[str, str] | None = None,
 ) -> LeRobotDataset:
    """Modify tasks in a LeRobotDataset.

    This function allows you to either:
    1. Set a single task for the entire dataset (using `new_task`)
    2. Set specific tasks for specific episodes (using `episode_tasks`)
-    3. Replace existing task strings wherever they appear (using `task_replacements`)

-    Per episode, the task is resolved with precedence:
-    `episode_tasks` > `task_replacements` > `new_task` > original task. An episode that ends
-    up with no task (none of the above apply and it had no original task) raises an error.
+    You can combine both: `new_task` sets the default, and `episode_tasks` overrides
+    specific episodes.

    The dataset is modified in-place, updating only the task-related files:
    - meta/tasks.parquet
@@ -1456,14 +1453,11 @@ def modify_tasks(

    Args:
        dataset: The source LeRobotDataset to modify.
-        new_task: Default task applied to any episode not covered by `episode_tasks` or a
-            matching `task_replacements` entry.
-        episode_tasks: Optional dict mapping episode indices to task strings. Takes precedence
-            over both `task_replacements` and `new_task`.
-        task_replacements: Optional dict mapping existing task strings to new ones. Applied to
-            episodes whose current task matches a key. Every key must be an existing task.
+        new_task: A single task string to apply to all episodes. If None and episode_tasks
+            is also None, raises an error.
+        episode_tasks: Optional dict mapping episode indices to their task strings.
+            Overrides `new_task` for specific episodes.

-    At least one of `new_task`, `episode_tasks`, or `task_replacements` must be provided.

    Examples:
        Set a single task for all episodes:
@@ -1481,17 +1475,11 @@ def modify_tasks(
                new_task="Default task",
                episode_tasks={5: "Special task for episode 5"}
            )
-
-        Replace existing task strings in-place:
-            dataset = modify_tasks(
-                dataset,
-                task_replacements={"Pick up the cube": "Lift the cube"}
-            )
    """
-    if not new_task and not episode_tasks and not task_replacements:
-        raise ValueError("Must specify at least one of new_task, episode_tasks, or task_replacements")
+    if new_task is None and episode_tasks is None:
+        raise ValueError("Must specify at least one of new_task or episode_tasks")

-    if episode_tasks:
+    if episode_tasks is not None:
        valid_indices = set(range(dataset.meta.total_episodes))
        invalid = set(episode_tasks.keys()) - valid_indices
        if invalid:
@@ -1501,29 +1489,19 @@ def modify_tasks(
    if dataset.meta.episodes is None:
        dataset.meta.episodes = load_episodes(dataset.root)

-    if task_replacements:
-        current_tasks = set(dataset.meta.tasks.index)
-        invalid_tasks = set(task_replacements) - current_tasks
-        if invalid_tasks:
-            raise ValueError(f"Task replacements reference unknown tasks: {sorted(invalid_tasks)}")
-
    # Build the mapping from episode index to task string
    episode_to_task: dict[int, str] = {}
    for ep_idx in range(dataset.meta.total_episodes):
-        original_tasks = dataset.meta.episodes[ep_idx]["tasks"]
-        original_task = original_tasks[0] if original_tasks else None
-
        if episode_tasks and ep_idx in episode_tasks:
            episode_to_task[ep_idx] = episode_tasks[ep_idx]
-        elif task_replacements and original_task in task_replacements:
-            episode_to_task[ep_idx] = task_replacements[original_task]
-        elif new_task:
+        elif new_task is not None:
            episode_to_task[ep_idx] = new_task
-        elif original_task:
-            # Keep original task if not overridden and no default provided
-            episode_to_task[ep_idx] = original_task
        else:
-            raise ValueError(f"Episode {ep_idx} has no task; provide new_task or episode_tasks")
+            # Keep original task if not overridden and no default provided
+            original_tasks = dataset.meta.episodes[ep_idx]["tasks"]
+            if not original_tasks:
+                raise ValueError(f"Episode {ep_idx} has no tasks and no default task was provided")
+            episode_to_task[ep_idx] = original_tasks[0]

    # Collect all unique tasks and create new task mapping
    unique_tasks = sorted(set(episode_to_task.values()))
@@ -384,12 +384,7 @@ class LiberoEnv(gym.Env):

    def close(self):
        if self._env is not None:
-            try:
-                self._env.close()
-            finally:
-                # LIBERO deletes its inner env on close, so this wrapper must
-                # be recreated before the next reset.
-                self._env = None
+            self._env.close()


 def _make_env_fns(
@@ -42,9 +42,6 @@ class Evo1Policy(PreTrainedPolicy):
    config_class = Evo1Config
    name = "evo1"

-    def supports_rtc(self) -> bool:
-        return True
-
    def __init__(self, config: Evo1Config, *, vlm_hub_kwargs: dict | None = None, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(config)
        config.validate_features()
@@ -302,33 +302,6 @@ def _pad_evo1_stats(
    return padded_stats


-def _refresh_evo1_normalization_steps(
-    config: Evo1Config,
-    preprocessor: PolicyProcessorPipeline,
-    postprocessor: PolicyProcessorPipeline,
-) -> None:
-    """Re-pad checkpoint-loaded (un)normalizer stats/features to EVO1's fixed widths.
-
-    Loading a checkpoint injects the raw dataset stats (unpadded to max_state_dim/max_action_dim)
-    into the (un)normalizer via the generic override path in make_pre_post_processors. Those stats
-    and their declared features must be re-padded/reshaped to EVO1's fixed widths, otherwise
-    normalization fails against the padded state/action tensors (e.g. state padded to 24 vs. 8-dim
-    LIBERO stats). Padding is a no-op when stats are already at the target width.
-    """
-    normalization_features = _evo1_normalization_features(config)
-    action_features = _evo1_action_features(config)
-    for step in preprocessor.steps:
-        if isinstance(step, NormalizerProcessorStep):
-            step.features = normalization_features
-            step.stats = _pad_evo1_stats(config, step.stats)
-            step.to(device=step.device, dtype=step.dtype)
-    for step in postprocessor.steps:
-        if isinstance(step, UnnormalizerProcessorStep):
-            step.features = action_features
-            step.stats = _pad_evo1_stats(config, step.stats)
-            step.to(device=step.device, dtype=step.dtype)
-
-
 def reconcile_evo1_processors(
    config: Evo1Config,
    preprocessor: PolicyProcessorPipeline,
@@ -336,19 +309,16 @@ def reconcile_evo1_processors(
 ) -> tuple[PolicyProcessorPipeline, PolicyProcessorPipeline]:
    """Reconcile checkpoint-loaded pipelines with the current EVO1 config.

-    Three things cannot be restored from a serialized pipeline alone: the EVO1 batch converter
-    (converters are plain functions and are never serialized), eval-time CLI overrides of the
-    action postprocessing flags (`postprocess_action_dim`, `binarize_gripper`, `gripper_*`), and the
-    (un)normalizer stats/features when the generic override path injects raw, unpadded dataset
-    stats. This restores the converter, re-pads the normalization stats to EVO1's fixed widths, and
-    rebuilds the action step from the current config so those overrides take effect.
+    Two things cannot be restored from a serialized pipeline alone: the EVO1 batch converter
+    (converters are plain functions and are never serialized), and eval-time CLI overrides of the
+    action postprocessing flags (`postprocess_action_dim`, `binarize_gripper`, `gripper_*`). This
+    restores the converter and rebuilds the action step from the current config so those overrides
+    take effect.
    """
    # Pipelines reloaded from a checkpoint come back with the default batch converter, which drops
    # non-observation extras (embodiment_id, state_mask, custom task fields) needed by EVO1.
    preprocessor.to_transition = evo1_batch_to_transition

-    _refresh_evo1_normalization_steps(config, preprocessor, postprocessor)
-
    action_step = Evo1ActionProcessorStep(
        action_dim=_evo1_action_dim(config),
        binarize_gripper=config.binarize_gripper,
@@ -68,9 +68,6 @@ class GrootPolicy(PreTrainedPolicy):
    name = "groot"
    config_class = GrootConfig

-    def supports_rtc(self) -> bool:
-        return True
-
    def __init__(self, config: GrootConfig, **kwargs):
        """Initialize Groot policy wrapper."""
        require_package("transformers", extra="groot")
@@ -520,9 +520,6 @@ class MolmoAct2Policy(PreTrainedPolicy):
    config_class = MolmoAct2Config
    name = "molmoact2"

-    def supports_rtc(self) -> bool:
-        return self.config.inference_action_mode == "continuous"
-
    def __init__(
        self,
        config: MolmoAct2Config,
@@ -749,9 +749,6 @@ class PI0Policy(PreTrainedPolicy):
    config_class = PI0Config
    name = "pi0"

-    def supports_rtc(self) -> bool:
-        return True
-
    def __init__(
        self,
        config: PI0Config,
@@ -714,9 +714,6 @@ class PI05Policy(PreTrainedPolicy):
    config_class = PI05Config
    name = "pi05"

-    def supports_rtc(self) -> bool:
-        return True
-
    def __init__(
        self,
        config: PI05Config,
@@ -249,10 +249,6 @@ class PreTrainedPolicy(nn.Module, HubMixin, abc.ABC):
        """
        raise NotImplementedError

-    def supports_rtc(self) -> bool:
-        """Whether this policy implements Real-Time Chunking inference semantics."""
-        return False
-
    # TODO(aliberts, rcadene): split into 'forward' and 'compute_loss'?
    @abc.abstractmethod
    def forward(self, batch: dict[str, Tensor]) -> tuple[Tensor, dict | None]:
@@ -145,9 +145,6 @@ class SmolVLAPolicy(PreTrainedPolicy):
    config_class = SmolVLAConfig
    name = "smolvla"

-    def supports_rtc(self) -> bool:
-        return True
-
    def __init__(
        self,
        config: SmolVLAConfig,
@@ -168,23 +168,14 @@ class SmolVLMWithExpertModel(nn.Module):
                last_layers.append(self.num_vlm_layers - 2)
            frozen_layers = [
                "lm_head",
-                "text_model.norm.weight",
+                "text_model.model.norm.weight",
            ]
            for layer in last_layers:
-                frozen_layers.append(f"text_model.layers.{layer}.")
+                frozen_layers.append(f"text_model.model.layers.{layer}.")

-            unmatched_patterns = set(frozen_layers)
            for name, params in self.vlm.named_parameters():
-                matched_patterns = [k for k in frozen_layers if k in name]
-                if matched_patterns:
+                if any(k in name for k in frozen_layers):
                    params.requires_grad = False
-                    unmatched_patterns.difference_update(matched_patterns)
-            if unmatched_patterns:
-                raise RuntimeError(
-                    "Some frozen layer patterns matched no VLM parameters, so the corresponding layers "
-                    "would silently remain trainable (parameter naming may have changed in transformers): "
-                    f"{sorted(unmatched_patterns)}"
-                )
        # To avoid unused params issue with distributed training
        for name, params in self.lm_expert.named_parameters():
            if "lm_head" in name:
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ from __future__ import annotations

 import abc
 import builtins
-import json
 import logging
 import os
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field
@@ -79,10 +78,8 @@ class RLAlgorithmConfig(draccus.ChoiceRegistry, HubMixin, abc.ABC):

    def _save_pretrained(self, save_directory: Path) -> None:
        """Serialize this config as ``config.json`` inside ``save_directory``."""
-        # Encode against the base class so draccus includes the choice "type" key,
-        # which `from_pretrained` needs to resolve the concrete subclass.
-        with open(save_directory / CONFIG_NAME, "w") as f:
-            json.dump(draccus.encode(self, RLAlgorithmConfig), f, indent=4)
+        with open(save_directory / CONFIG_NAME, "w") as f, draccus.config_type("json"):
+            draccus.dump(self, f, indent=4)

    @classmethod
    def from_pretrained(
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ import functools
 import threading
 from collections.abc import Callable, Sequence
 from contextlib import suppress
-from typing import NotRequired, TypedDict
+from typing import TypedDict

 import torch
 import torch.nn.functional as F  # noqa: N812
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ class BatchTransition(TypedDict):
    next_state: dict[str, torch.Tensor]
    done: torch.Tensor
    truncated: torch.Tensor
-    complementary_info: NotRequired[dict[str, torch.Tensor | float | int] | None]
+    complementary_info: dict[str, torch.Tensor | float | int] | None = None


 def random_crop_vectorized(images: torch.Tensor, output_size: tuple) -> torch.Tensor:
@@ -46,12 +46,6 @@ class SOFollowerConfig:
    position_i_coefficient: int = 0
    position_d_coefficient: int = 32

-    # Number of extra attempts when a `sync_read` of the motors fails. Feetech buses can occasionally
-    # return a corrupted status packet ("Incorrect status packet!"), especially when several joints move
-    # at once, which otherwise aborts the control loop. Retries are immediate (no sleep) and only happen on
-    # failure, so the steady-state read cost is unchanged.
-    num_read_retries: int = 2
-

@RobotConfig.register_subclass("so101_follower")
@RobotConfig.register_subclass("so100_follower")
@@ -510,10 +510,10 @@ class ForwardKinematicsJointsToEEAction(RobotActionProcessorStep):
        # We only use the ee pose in the dataset, so we don't need the joint positions
        for n in self.motor_names:
            features[PipelineFeatureType.ACTION].pop(f"{n}.pos", None)
-        # Store end-effector features as actions in the dataset schema
+        # We specify the dataset features of this step that we want to be stored in the dataset
        for k in ["x", "y", "z", "wx", "wy", "wz", "gripper_pos"]:
            features[PipelineFeatureType.ACTION][f"ee.{k}"] = PolicyFeature(
-                type=FeatureType.ACTION, shape=(1,)
+                type=FeatureType.STATE, shape=(1,)
            )
        return features

@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ class SOFollower(Robot):
    def get_observation(self) -> RobotObservation:
        # Read arm position
        start = time.perf_counter()
-        obs_dict = self.bus.sync_read("Present_Position", num_retry=self.config.num_read_retries)
+        obs_dict = self.bus.sync_read("Present_Position")
        obs_dict = {f"{motor}.pos": val for motor, val in obs_dict.items()}
        dt_ms = (time.perf_counter() - start) * 1e3
        logger.debug(f"{self} read state: {dt_ms:.1f}ms")
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ class SOFollower(Robot):
        # Cap goal position when too far away from present position.
        # /!\ Slower fps expected due to reading from the follower.
        if self.config.max_relative_target is not None:
-            present_pos = self.bus.sync_read("Present_Position", num_retry=self.config.num_read_retries)
+            present_pos = self.bus.sync_read("Present_Position")
            goal_present_pos = {key: (g_pos, present_pos[key]) for key, g_pos in goal_pos.items()}
            goal_pos = ensure_safe_goal_position(goal_present_pos, self.config.max_relative_target)

@@ -57,7 +57,6 @@ from .inference import (
    SyncInferenceConfig,
    create_inference_engine,
 )
-from .inference.rtc import supports_rtc_inference
 from .robot_wrapper import ThreadSafeRobot

 if TYPE_CHECKING or _peft_available:
@@ -227,12 +226,6 @@ def build_rollout_context(
    policy = _load_pretrained_policy(policy_config)

    if is_rtc:
-        if not supports_rtc_inference(policy):
-            raise ValueError(
-                f"RTC inference is not supported by policy type '{policy_config.type}': "
-                "the policy must implement RTC semantics and predict_action_chunk must accept "
-                "inference_delay and prev_chunk_left_over. Use '--inference.type=sync' instead."
-            )
        policy.config.rtc_config = cfg.inference.rtc
        if hasattr(policy, "init_rtc_processor"):
            policy.init_rtc_processor()
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ way via ``notify_observation``.

 from __future__ import annotations

-import inspect
 import logging
 import math
 import time
@@ -63,23 +62,6 @@ _RTC_JOIN_TIMEOUT_S: float = 3.0
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------


-def supports_rtc_inference(policy: PreTrainedPolicy) -> bool:
-    """Whether a policy declares RTC support and accepts the RTC call shape."""
-    supports_rtc = getattr(policy, "supports_rtc", None)
-    if not callable(supports_rtc) or not supports_rtc():
-        return False
-
-    try:
-        inspect.signature(policy.predict_action_chunk).bind(
-            object(),
-            inference_delay=0,
-            prev_chunk_left_over=None,
-        )
-    except (TypeError, ValueError):
-        return False
-    return True
-
-
 def _normalize_prev_actions_length(prev_actions: torch.Tensor, target_steps: int) -> torch.Tensor:
    """Pad or truncate RTC prefix actions to a fixed length for stable compiled inference."""
    if prev_actions.ndim != 2:
@@ -36,7 +36,6 @@ python src/lerobot/scripts/augment_dataset_quantile_stats.py \
 import argparse
 import concurrent.futures
 import logging
-import os
 from pathlib import Path

 import numpy as np
@@ -53,7 +52,6 @@ from lerobot.datasets import (
    get_feature_stats,
    write_stats,
 )
-from lerobot.datasets.compute_stats import sample_indices
 from lerobot.utils.utils import init_logging


@@ -79,14 +77,12 @@ def has_quantile_stats(stats: dict[str, dict] | None, quantile_list_keys: list[s
    return False


-def process_single_episode(dataset: LeRobotDataset, episode_idx: int, use_sampling: bool = True) -> dict:
+def process_single_episode(dataset: LeRobotDataset, episode_idx: int) -> dict:
    """Process a single episode and return its statistics.

    Args:
        dataset: The LeRobot dataset
        episode_idx: Index of the episode to process
-        use_sampling: If True, sub-sample image/video frames per episode to bound
-            memory. If False, use every frame (exact, higher memory).

    Returns:
        Dictionary containing episode statistics
@@ -96,31 +92,16 @@ def process_single_episode(dataset: LeRobotDataset, episode_idx: int, use_sampli
    start_idx = dataset.meta.episodes[episode_idx]["dataset_from_index"]
    end_idx = dataset.meta.episodes[episode_idx]["dataset_to_index"]

-    episode_len = end_idx - start_idx
-
-    # Images/video are the memory hog, so sub-sample those frames per episode;
-    # numeric columns are cheap, so read them in full (exact).
-    image_keys = [k for k in dataset.features if dataset.features[k]["dtype"] in ("image", "video")]
-    numeric_keys = [
-        k for k in dataset.features if dataset.features[k]["dtype"] not in ("image", "video", "string")
-    ]
-
    collected_data: dict[str, list] = {}
+    for idx in range(start_idx, end_idx):
+        item = dataset[idx]
+        for key, value in item.items():
+            if key not in dataset.features:
+                continue

-    # Numeric features: every frame, read directly from the underlying table.
-    if numeric_keys:
-        numeric_cols = dataset.hf_dataset.select_columns(numeric_keys)[start_idx:end_idx]
-        for key in numeric_keys:
-            collected_data[key] = [torch.as_tensor(v) for v in numeric_cols[key]]
-
-    # Image/video features: decode only a sampled subset of frames.
-    if image_keys:
-        sampled_offsets = sample_indices(episode_len) if use_sampling else list(range(episode_len))
-        for offset in sampled_offsets:
-            item = dataset[start_idx + offset]
-            for key in image_keys:
-                if key in item:
-                    collected_data.setdefault(key, []).append(item[key])
+            if key not in collected_data:
+                collected_data[key] = []
+            collected_data[key].append(value)

    ep_stats = {}
    for key, data_list in collected_data.items():
@@ -150,13 +131,11 @@ def process_single_episode(dataset: LeRobotDataset, episode_idx: int, use_sampli
    return ep_stats


-def compute_quantile_stats_for_dataset(dataset: LeRobotDataset, use_sampling: bool = True) -> dict[str, dict]:
+def compute_quantile_stats_for_dataset(dataset: LeRobotDataset) -> dict[str, dict]:
    """Compute quantile statistics for all episodes in the dataset.

    Args:
        dataset: The LeRobot dataset to compute statistics for
-        use_sampling: If True, sub-sample image/video frames per episode to bound
-            memory. If False, use every frame (exact, higher memory).

    Returns:
        Dictionary containing aggregated statistics with quantiles
@@ -174,15 +153,15 @@ def compute_quantile_stats_for_dataset(dataset: LeRobotDataset, use_sampling: bo
    if has_videos:
        logging.info("Dataset contains video keys - using sequential processing for thread safety")
        for episode_idx in tqdm(range(dataset.num_episodes), desc="Processing episodes"):
-            ep_stats = process_single_episode(dataset, episode_idx, use_sampling)
+            ep_stats = process_single_episode(dataset, episode_idx)
            episode_stats_list.append(ep_stats)
    else:
        logging.info("Dataset has no video keys - using parallel processing for better performance")
-        max_workers = min(dataset.num_episodes, int(os.environ.get("LEROBOT_STATS_MAX_WORKERS", 16)))
+        max_workers = min(dataset.num_episodes, 16)

        with concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=max_workers) as executor:
            future_to_episode = {
-                executor.submit(process_single_episode, dataset, episode_idx, use_sampling): episode_idx
+                executor.submit(process_single_episode, dataset, episode_idx): episode_idx
                for episode_idx in range(dataset.num_episodes)
            }

@@ -209,7 +188,6 @@ def augment_dataset_with_quantile_stats(
    repo_id: str,
    root: str | Path | None = None,
    overwrite: bool = False,
-    use_sampling: bool = True,
 ) -> None:
    """Augment a dataset with quantile statistics if they are missing.

@@ -217,8 +195,6 @@ def augment_dataset_with_quantile_stats(
        repo_id: Repository ID of the dataset
        root: Local root directory for the dataset
        overwrite: Overwrite existing quantile statistics if they already exist
-        use_sampling: If True, sub-sample image/video frames per episode to bound
-            memory. If False, use every frame (exact, higher memory).
    """
    logging.info(f"Loading dataset: {repo_id}")
    dataset = LeRobotDataset(
@@ -232,7 +208,7 @@ def augment_dataset_with_quantile_stats(

    logging.info("Dataset does not contain quantile statistics. Computing them now...")

-    new_stats = compute_quantile_stats_for_dataset(dataset, use_sampling=use_sampling)
+    new_stats = compute_quantile_stats_for_dataset(dataset)

    logging.info("Updating dataset metadata with new quantile statistics")
    dataset.meta.stats = new_stats
@@ -272,14 +248,6 @@ def main():
        action="store_true",
        help="Overwrite existing quantile statistics if they already exist",
    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--no-sampling",
-        action="store_true",
-        help=(
-            "Compute stats over every frame (exact, higher memory). By default, "
-            "image/video frames are sub-sampled per episode to bound memory."
-        ),
-    )

    args = parser.parse_args()
    root = Path(args.root) if args.root else None
@@ -290,7 +258,6 @@ def main():
        repo_id=args.repo_id,
        root=root,
        overwrite=args.overwrite,
-        use_sampling=not args.no_sampling,
    )


@@ -127,12 +127,6 @@ Modify tasks - set default task with overrides for specific episodes (WARNING: m
        --operation.new_task "Default task" \
        --operation.episode_tasks '{"5": "Special task for episode 5"}'

-Modify tasks - replace existing task strings in-place (WARNING: modifies in-place):
-    lerobot-edit-dataset \
-        --repo_id lerobot/pusht \
-        --operation.type modify_tasks \
-        --operation.task_replacements '{"Pick up the red cube": "Lift the red cube"}'
-
 Convert image dataset to video format and save locally:
    lerobot-edit-dataset \
        --repo_id lerobot/pusht_image \
@@ -309,7 +303,6 @@ class RemoveFeatureConfig(OperationConfig):
 class ModifyTasksConfig(OperationConfig):
    new_task: str | None = None
    episode_tasks: dict[str, str] | None = None
-    task_replacements: dict[str, str] | None = None


@OperationConfig.register_subclass("convert_image_to_video")
@@ -558,12 +551,9 @@ def handle_modify_tasks(cfg: EditDatasetConfig) -> None:

    new_task = cfg.operation.new_task
    episode_tasks_raw = cfg.operation.episode_tasks
-    task_replacements = cfg.operation.task_replacements

-    if new_task is None and episode_tasks_raw is None and task_replacements is None:
-        raise ValueError(
-            "Must specify at least one of new_task, episode_tasks, or task_replacements for modify_tasks operation"
-        )
+    if new_task is None and episode_tasks_raw is None:
+        raise ValueError("Must specify at least one of new_task or episode_tasks for modify_tasks operation")

    if cfg.new_repo_id is not None or cfg.new_root is not None:
        logging.warning(
@@ -583,14 +573,11 @@ def handle_modify_tasks(cfg: EditDatasetConfig) -> None:
        logging.info(f"  Default task: '{new_task}'")
    if episode_tasks:
        logging.info(f"  Episode-specific tasks: {episode_tasks}")
-    if task_replacements:
-        logging.info(f"  Task replacements: {task_replacements}")

    modified_dataset = modify_tasks(
        dataset,
        new_task=new_task,
        episode_tasks=episode_tasks,
-        task_replacements=task_replacements,
    )

    logging.info(f"Dataset modified at {dataset.root}")
@@ -564,7 +564,7 @@ def eval_policy(
        if seeds:
            all_seeds.extend(seeds)
        else:
-            all_seeds.extend([None] * env.num_envs)
+            all_seeds.append(None)

        # FIXME: episode_data is either None or it doesn't exist
        if return_episode_data:
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ lerobot-find-cameras
 # NOTE(Steven): macOS cameras sometimes report different FPS at init time, not an issue here as we don't specify FPS when opening the cameras, but the information displayed might not be truthful.

 import argparse
+import concurrent.futures
 import logging
 import time
 from pathlib import Path
@@ -132,7 +133,7 @@ def save_image(
    camera_identifier: str | int,
    images_dir: Path,
    camera_type: str,
-) -> None:
+):
    """
    Saves a single image to disk using Pillow. Handles color conversion if necessary.
    """
@@ -151,7 +152,7 @@ def save_image(
        logger.error(f"Failed to save image for camera {camera_identifier} (type {camera_type}): {e}")


-def create_camera_instance(cam_meta: dict[str, Any], *, warmup_s: int = 1) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
+def create_camera_instance(cam_meta: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
    """Create and connect to a camera instance based on metadata."""
    cam_type = cam_meta.get("type")
    cam_id = cam_meta.get("id")
@@ -164,14 +165,12 @@ def create_camera_instance(cam_meta: dict[str, Any], *, warmup_s: int = 1) -> di
            cv_config = OpenCVCameraConfig(
                index_or_path=cam_id,
                color_mode=ColorMode.RGB,
-                warmup_s=warmup_s,
            )
            instance = OpenCVCamera(cv_config)
        elif cam_type == "RealSense":
            rs_config = RealSenseCameraConfig(
                serial_number_or_name=cam_id,
                color_mode=ColorMode.RGB,
-                warmup_s=warmup_s,
            )
            instance = RealSenseCamera(rs_config)
        else:
@@ -189,7 +188,9 @@ def create_camera_instance(cam_meta: dict[str, Any], *, warmup_s: int = 1) -> di
        return None


-def process_camera_image(cam_dict: dict[str, Any], output_dir: Path, current_time: float) -> None:
+def process_camera_image(
+    cam_dict: dict[str, Any], output_dir: Path, current_time: float
+) -> concurrent.futures.Future | None:
    """Capture and process an image from a single camera."""
    cam = cam_dict["instance"]
    meta = cam_dict["meta"]
@@ -199,7 +200,7 @@ def process_camera_image(cam_dict: dict[str, Any], output_dir: Path, current_tim
    try:
        image_data = cam.read()

-        save_image(
+        return save_image(
            image_data,
            cam_id_str,
            output_dir,
@@ -214,21 +215,21 @@ def process_camera_image(cam_dict: dict[str, Any], output_dir: Path, current_tim
    return None


-def cleanup_camera(cam_dict: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+def cleanup_cameras(cameras_to_use: list[dict[str, Any]]):
    """Disconnect all cameras."""
-    logger.info(f"Disconnecting camera with ID {cam_dict['meta'].get('id')}...")
-    try:
-        if cam_dict["instance"] and cam_dict["instance"].is_connected:
-            cam_dict["instance"].disconnect()
-    except Exception as e:
-        logger.error(f"Error disconnecting camera {cam_dict['meta'].get('id')}: {e}")
+    logger.info(f"Disconnecting {len(cameras_to_use)} cameras...")
+    for cam_dict in cameras_to_use:
+        try:
+            if cam_dict["instance"] and cam_dict["instance"].is_connected:
+                cam_dict["instance"].disconnect()
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"Error disconnecting camera {cam_dict['meta'].get('id')}: {e}")


 def save_images_from_all_cameras(
    output_dir: Path,
    record_time_s: float = 2.0,
    camera_type: str | None = None,
-    warmup_s: int = 1,
 ):
    """
    Connects to detected cameras (optionally filtered by type) and saves images from each.
@@ -239,7 +240,6 @@ def save_images_from_all_cameras(
        record_time_s: Duration in seconds to record images.
        camera_type: Optional string to filter cameras ("realsense" or "opencv").
                            If None, uses all detected cameras.
-        warmup_s: Duration in seconds to warmup camera before recording images.
    """
    output_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
    logger.info(f"Saving images to {output_dir}")
@@ -249,24 +249,40 @@ def save_images_from_all_cameras(
        logger.warning("No cameras detected matching the criteria. Cannot save images.")
        return

-    logger.info(
-        f"Starting image capture for {record_time_s} seconds from {len(all_camera_metadata)} cameras."
-    )
+    cameras_to_use = []
+    for cam_meta in all_camera_metadata:
+        camera_instance = create_camera_instance(cam_meta)
+        if camera_instance:
+            cameras_to_use.append(camera_instance)

-    try:
-        for cam_meta in all_camera_metadata:
-            cam_dict = create_camera_instance(cam_meta, warmup_s=warmup_s)
-            if cam_dict is None:
-                continue
-            start_time = time.perf_counter()
+    if not cameras_to_use:
+        logger.warning("No cameras could be connected. Aborting image save.")
+        return
+
+    logger.info(f"Starting image capture for {record_time_s} seconds from {len(cameras_to_use)} cameras.")
+    start_time = time.perf_counter()
+
+    with concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=len(cameras_to_use) * 2) as executor:
+        try:
            while time.perf_counter() - start_time < record_time_s:
+                futures = []
                current_capture_time = time.perf_counter()
-                process_camera_image(cam_dict, output_dir, current_capture_time)
-            cleanup_camera(cam_dict)
-    except KeyboardInterrupt:
-        logger.info("Capture interrupted by user.")
-    finally:
-        print(f"Image capture finished. Images saved to {output_dir}")
+
+                for cam_dict in cameras_to_use:
+                    future = process_camera_image(cam_dict, output_dir, current_capture_time)
+                    if future:
+                        futures.append(future)
+
+                if futures:
+                    concurrent.futures.wait(futures)
+
+        except KeyboardInterrupt:
+            logger.info("Capture interrupted by user.")
+        finally:
+            print("\nFinalizing image saving...")
+            executor.shutdown(wait=True)
+            cleanup_cameras(cameras_to_use)
+            print(f"Image capture finished. Images saved to {output_dir}")


 def main():
@@ -275,6 +291,7 @@ def main():
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
        description="Unified camera utility script for listing cameras and capturing images."
    )
+
    parser.add_argument(
        "camera_type",
        type=str,
@@ -292,14 +309,8 @@ def main():
    parser.add_argument(
        "--record-time-s",
        type=float,
-        default=2.0,
-        help="Time duration to attempt capturing frames. Default: 2 seconds.",
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--warmup-s",
-        type=int,
-        default=1,
-        help="Time duration to warmup camera before attempting to capture frames. Default: 1 second.",
+        default=6.0,
+        help="Time duration to attempt capturing frames. Default: 6 seconds.",
    )
    args = parser.parse_args()
    save_images_from_all_cameras(**vars(args))
@@ -22,8 +22,7 @@ import dataclasses
 import logging
 import sys
 import time
-from collections.abc import Iterator
-from contextlib import contextmanager, nullcontext
+from contextlib import nullcontext
 from pprint import pformat
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any

@@ -77,20 +76,6 @@ else:
 from .lerobot_eval import eval_policy_all


-@contextmanager
-def _make_eval_envs(cfg: TrainPipelineConfig) -> Iterator[dict[str, dict[int, Any]]]:
-    """Create evaluation environments for one run and always dispose of them."""
-    envs = make_env(
-        cfg.env,
-        n_envs=cfg.eval.batch_size,
-        use_async_envs=cfg.eval.use_async_envs,
-    )
-    try:
-        yield envs
-    finally:
-        close_envs(envs)
-
-
 def _dataloader_worker_kwargs(cfg: TrainPipelineConfig) -> dict[str, Any]:
    """Return worker-only DataLoader options, disabling them for single-process loading."""
    workers_enabled = cfg.num_workers > 0
@@ -295,6 +280,14 @@ def train(cfg: TrainPipelineConfig, accelerator: "Accelerator | None" = None):
    if not is_main_process:
        dataset, eval_dataset = make_train_eval_datasets(cfg)

+    # Create environment used for evaluating checkpoints during training on simulation data.
+    # On real-world data, no need to create an environment as evaluations are done outside train.py,
+    # using the eval.py instead, with gym_dora environment and dora-rs.
+    eval_env = None
+    if cfg.env_eval_freq > 0 and cfg.env is not None and is_main_process:
+        logging.info("Creating env")
+        eval_env = make_env(cfg.env, n_envs=cfg.eval.batch_size, use_async_envs=cfg.eval.use_async_envs)
+
    if cfg.is_reward_model_training:
        if is_main_process:
            logging.info("Creating reward model")
@@ -348,6 +341,7 @@ def train(cfg: TrainPipelineConfig, accelerator: "Accelerator | None" = None):
        preprocessor_overrides = {
            "device_processor": {"device": device.type},
            "normalizer_processor": {
+                "stats": dataset.meta.stats,
                "features": {**policy.config.input_features, **policy.config.output_features},
                "norm_map": policy.config.normalization_mapping,
            },
@@ -355,17 +349,11 @@ def train(cfg: TrainPipelineConfig, accelerator: "Accelerator | None" = None):
        }
        postprocessor_overrides = {
            "unnormalizer_processor": {
+                "stats": dataset.meta.stats,
                "features": policy.config.output_features,
                "norm_map": policy.config.normalization_mapping,
            },
        }
-        # On resume, the checkpoint's saved processor stats are authoritative: they may have
-        # been adapted by the policy (e.g. EVO1 pads state/action stats to max_state_dim),
-        # and force-feeding raw dataset stats over them crashes normalization (#4006).
-        # This mirrors the `dataset_stats` kwarg above, which is also skipped on resume.
-        if not cfg.resume:
-            preprocessor_overrides["normalizer_processor"]["stats"] = dataset.meta.stats
-            postprocessor_overrides["unnormalizer_processor"]["stats"] = dataset.meta.stats
        if getattr(active_cfg, "use_relative_actions", False):
            preprocessor_overrides["relative_actions_processor"] = {
                "enabled": True,
@@ -707,7 +695,7 @@ def train(cfg: TrainPipelineConfig, accelerator: "Accelerator | None" = None):
            if is_main_process:
                step_id = get_step_identifier(step, cfg.steps)
                logging.info(f"Eval policy at step {step}")
-                with _make_eval_envs(cfg) as eval_env, torch.no_grad(), accelerator.autocast():
+                with torch.no_grad(), accelerator.autocast():
                    eval_info = eval_policy_all(
                        envs=eval_env,  # dict[suite][task_id] -> vec_env
                        policy=accelerator.unwrap_model(policy),
@@ -755,6 +743,9 @@ def train(cfg: TrainPipelineConfig, accelerator: "Accelerator | None" = None):
    if is_main_process:
        progbar.close()

+    if eval_env:
+        close_envs(eval_env)
+
    is_fsdp = accelerator.distributed_type == DistributedType.FSDP
    model_state_dict = accelerator.get_state_dict(policy) if is_fsdp else None
    if is_main_process:
@@ -67,15 +67,7 @@ class BiSOLeader(BimanualMixin, Teleoperator):

    @cached_property
    def feedback_features(self) -> dict[str, type]:
-        # Bimanual teleop has feedback (can be actuated for handover).
-        # Return the same structure as action_features for consistency with left/right arms.
-        left_arm_features = self.left_arm.feedback_features
-        right_arm_features = self.right_arm.feedback_features
-
-        return {
-            **{f"left_{k}": v for k, v in left_arm_features.items()},
-            **{f"right_{k}": v for k, v in right_arm_features.items()},
-        }
+        return {}

    def setup_motors(self) -> None:
        self.left_arm.setup_motors()
@@ -95,43 +87,6 @@ class BiSOLeader(BimanualMixin, Teleoperator):

        return action_dict

-    def enable_torque(self) -> None:
-        """Enable torque on both leader arms for smooth handover."""
-        self.left_arm.enable_torque()
-        self.right_arm.enable_torque()
-
-    def disable_torque(self) -> None:
-        """Disable torque on both leader arms to allow human control."""
-        self.left_arm.disable_torque()
-        self.right_arm.disable_torque()
-
-    @check_if_not_connected
    def send_feedback(self, feedback: dict[str, float]) -> None:
-        """Route bimanual feedback to left and right arms with proper prefix stripping.
-
-        Receives feedback dict with keys like: left_shoulder_pan.pos, right_shoulder_pan.pos, ...
-        Splits and routes to each arm by removing the prefix.
-
-        This enables DAgger smooth handover: when transitioning from policy control to human
-        intervention, both leader arms are commanded to the follower's current pose to avoid
-        discontinuities.
-        """
-        # Split feedback by arm prefix
-        left_feedback = {}
-        right_feedback = {}
-
-        for key, value in feedback.items():
-            if key.startswith("left_"):
-                # Strip "left_" prefix and pass to left arm
-                stripped_key = key[5:]  # len("left_") == 5
-                left_feedback[stripped_key] = value
-            elif key.startswith("right_"):
-                # Strip "right_" prefix and pass to right arm
-                stripped_key = key[6:]  # len("right_") == 6
-                right_feedback[stripped_key] = value
-
-        # Send to each arm
-        if left_feedback:
-            self.left_arm.send_feedback(left_feedback)
-        if right_feedback:
-            self.right_arm.send_feedback(right_feedback)
+        # TODO: Implement force feedback
+        raise NotImplementedError
@@ -171,13 +171,7 @@ class IOSPhone(BasePhone, Teleoperator):
        # HEBI provides orientation in w, x, y, z format.
        # Scipy's Rotation expects x, y, z, w.
        quat_xyzw = np.concatenate((ar_quat[1:], [ar_quat[0]]))  # wxyz to xyzw
-        # ARKit can emit zero/NaN quaternions before tracking is ready or on a
-        # dropped packet. Rotation.from_quat now rejects those; degrade the same
-        # way as a missing pose so teleop stays alive mid-session.
-        try:
-            rot = Rotation.from_quat(quat_xyzw)
-        except ValueError:
-            return False, None, None, None
+        rot = Rotation.from_quat(quat_xyzw)
        pos = ar_pos - rot.apply(self.config.camera_offset)
        return True, pos, rot, pose

@@ -29,12 +29,6 @@ class SOLeaderConfig:
    # Whether to use degrees for angles
    use_degrees: bool = True

-    # Number of extra attempts when a `sync_read` of the motors fails. Feetech buses can occasionally
-    # return a corrupted status packet ("Incorrect status packet!"), especially when several joints move
-    # at once, which otherwise aborts the teleoperation loop. Retries are immediate (no sleep) and only
-    # happen on failure, so the steady-state read cost is unchanged.
-    num_read_retries: int = 2
-

@TeleoperatorConfig.register_subclass("so101_leader")
@TeleoperatorConfig.register_subclass("so100_leader")
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ class SOLeader(Teleoperator):
    @check_if_not_connected
    def get_action(self) -> dict[str, float]:
        start = time.perf_counter()
-        action = self.bus.sync_read("Present_Position", num_retry=self.config.num_read_retries)
+        action = self.bus.sync_read("Present_Position")
        action = {f"{motor}.pos": val for motor, val in action.items()}
        dt_ms = (time.perf_counter() - start) * 1e3
        logger.debug(f"{self} read action: {dt_ms:.1f}ms")
@@ -37,25 +37,16 @@ def auto_select_torch_device() -> torch.device:

 # TODO(Steven): Remove log. log shouldn't be an argument, this should be handled by the logger level
 def get_safe_torch_device(try_device: str, log: bool = False) -> torch.device:
-    """Given a string, return a torch.device with checks on whether the device is available.
-
-    Raises:
-        ValueError: If the requested device family is known but not available on
-            this machine (``AssertionError`` was previously used and is easy to
-            mistake for a programmer bug under ``python -O`` where asserts vanish).
-    """
+    """Given a string, return a torch.device with checks on whether the device is available."""
    try_device = str(try_device)
    if try_device.startswith("cuda"):
-        if not torch.cuda.is_available():
-            raise ValueError(f"Requested device {try_device!r} but CUDA is not available.")
+        assert torch.cuda.is_available()
        device = torch.device(try_device)
    elif try_device == "mps":
-        if not torch.backends.mps.is_available():
-            raise ValueError("Requested device 'mps' but MPS is not available.")
+        assert torch.backends.mps.is_available()
        device = torch.device("mps")
    elif try_device == "xpu":
-        if not torch.xpu.is_available():
-            raise ValueError("Requested device 'xpu' but XPU is not available.")
+        assert torch.xpu.is_available()
        device = torch.device("xpu")
    elif try_device == "cpu":
        device = torch.device("cpu")
@@ -32,21 +32,21 @@ def load_json(fpath: Path) -> Any:
    Returns:
        Any: The data loaded from the JSON file.
    """
-    with open(fpath, encoding="utf-8") as f:
+    with open(fpath) as f:
        return json.load(f)


-def write_json(data: JsonLike, fpath: Path) -> None:
-    """Write JSON-serializable data to a file.
+def write_json(data: dict, fpath: Path) -> None:
+    """Write data to a JSON file.

    Creates parent directories if they don't exist.

    Args:
-        data: JSON-serializable data to write.
+        data (dict): The dictionary to write.
        fpath (Path): The path to the output JSON file.
    """
    fpath.parent.mkdir(exist_ok=True, parents=True)
-    with open(fpath, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+    with open(fpath, "w") as f:
        json.dump(data, f, indent=4, ensure_ascii=False)


@@ -85,8 +85,6 @@ def serialize_torch_rng_state() -> dict[str, torch.Tensor]:
    torch_rng_state_dict = {"torch_rng_state": torch.get_rng_state()}
    if torch.cuda.is_available():
        torch_rng_state_dict["torch_cuda_rng_state"] = torch.cuda.get_rng_state()
-    if torch.backends.mps.is_available():
-        torch_rng_state_dict["torch_mps_rng_state"] = torch.mps.get_rng_state()
    return torch_rng_state_dict


@@ -97,8 +95,6 @@ def deserialize_torch_rng_state(rng_state_dict: dict[str, torch.Tensor]) -> None
    torch.set_rng_state(rng_state_dict["torch_rng_state"])
    if torch.cuda.is_available() and "torch_cuda_rng_state" in rng_state_dict:
        torch.cuda.set_rng_state(rng_state_dict["torch_cuda_rng_state"])
-    if torch.backends.mps.is_available() and "torch_mps_rng_state" in rng_state_dict:
-        torch.mps.set_rng_state(rng_state_dict["torch_mps_rng_state"])


 def serialize_rng_state() -> dict[str, torch.Tensor]:
@@ -30,10 +30,6 @@ def precise_sleep(seconds: float, spin_threshold: float = 0.010, sleep_margin: f
    """
    if seconds <= 0:
        return
-    if spin_threshold < 0:
-        raise ValueError(f"spin_threshold must be >= 0, got {spin_threshold}")
-    if sleep_margin < 0:
-        raise ValueError(f"sleep_margin must be >= 0, got {sleep_margin}")

    system = platform.system()
    # On macOS and Windows the scheduler / sleep granularity can make
@@ -29,13 +29,10 @@ class Rotation:
    def __init__(self, quat: np.ndarray) -> None:
        """Initialize rotation from quaternion [x, y, z, w]."""
        self._quat = np.asarray(quat, dtype=float)
-        if self._quat.shape != (4,):
-            raise ValueError(f"Quaternion must have shape (4,), got {self._quat.shape}")
-        # Normalize quaternion. Reject the zero vector — it has no orientation.
+        # Normalize quaternion
        norm = np.linalg.norm(self._quat)
-        if norm <= 0.0 or not np.isfinite(norm):
-            raise ValueError(f"Quaternion must be a non-zero finite vector; got {self._quat} (norm={norm})")
-        self._quat = self._quat / norm
+        if norm > 0:
+            self._quat = self._quat / norm

    @classmethod
    def from_rotvec(cls, rotvec: np.ndarray) -> "Rotation":
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.

-from typing import NotRequired, TypedDict
+from typing import TypedDict

 import torch

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ class Transition(TypedDict):
    next_state: dict[str, torch.Tensor]
    done: bool
    truncated: bool
-    complementary_info: NotRequired[dict[str, torch.Tensor | float | int] | None]
+    complementary_info: dict[str, torch.Tensor | float | int] | None = None


 def move_transition_to_device(transition: Transition, device: str = "cpu") -> Transition:
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import sys
 import time
 from collections.abc import Iterator
 from copy import copy, deepcopy
+from datetime import datetime
 from pathlib import Path
 from statistics import mean
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
@@ -60,16 +61,14 @@ def init_logging(
        accelerator: Optional Accelerator instance (for multi-GPU detection)
    """

-    class LeRobotFormatter(logging.Formatter):
-        def format(self, record: logging.LogRecord) -> str:
-            record.lerobot_location = f"{record.pathname}:{record.lineno}"[-15:]
-            record.lerobot_pid = f"[PID: {os.getpid()}] " if display_pid else ""
-            return super().format(record)
+    def custom_format(record: logging.LogRecord) -> str:
+        dt = datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
+        fnameline = f"{record.pathname}:{record.lineno}"
+        pid_str = f"[PID: {os.getpid()}] " if display_pid else ""
+        return f"{record.levelname} {pid_str}{dt} {fnameline[-15:]:>15} {record.getMessage()}"

-    formatter = LeRobotFormatter(
-        "%(levelname)s %(lerobot_pid)s%(asctime)s %(lerobot_location)15s %(message)s",
-        datefmt="%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",
-    )
+    formatter = logging.Formatter()
+    formatter.format = custom_format

    logger = logging.getLogger()
    logger.setLevel(logging.NOTSET)
@@ -134,13 +133,10 @@ def say(text: str, blocking: bool = False):
    else:
        raise RuntimeError("Unsupported operating system for text-to-speech.")

-    try:
-        if blocking:
-            subprocess.run(cmd, check=True, timeout=5)
-        else:
-            subprocess.Popen(cmd, creationflags=subprocess.CREATE_NO_WINDOW if system == "Windows" else 0)
-    except (FileNotFoundError, subprocess.TimeoutExpired) as e:
-        logging.warning("Text-to-speech command failed: %s | Error: %s", cmd, e)
+    if blocking:
+        subprocess.run(cmd, check=True)
+    else:
+        subprocess.Popen(cmd, creationflags=subprocess.CREATE_NO_WINDOW if system == "Windows" else 0)


 def log_say(text: str, play_sounds: bool = True, blocking: bool = False):
@@ -66,27 +66,3 @@ def test_from_pretrained_raises_when_no_root_config_and_no_checkpoints(monkeypat

    with pytest.raises(FileNotFoundError, match="train_config.json not found"):
        TrainPipelineConfig.from_pretrained("user/empty-repo")
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("pass_dir", [False, True])
-def test_resolve_resume_checkpoint_accepts_file_or_pretrained_model_dir(tmp_path, monkeypatch, pass_dir):
-    """`--config_path` may point at the checkpoint's train_config.json or at its
-    pretrained_model/ directory; both must resolve `policy.pretrained_path` to the
-    pretrained_model/ directory (regression test for the directory case, which
-    previously resolved one level too high and failed on model.safetensors)."""
-    pretrained_dir = tmp_path / "checkpoints" / "000002" / "pretrained_model"
-    pretrained_dir.mkdir(parents=True)
-    (pretrained_dir / "train_config.json").touch()
-    target = pretrained_dir if pass_dir else pretrained_dir / "train_config.json"
-
-    from lerobot.policies.act.configuration_act import ACTConfig
-
-    cfg = tc.draccus.parse(TrainPipelineConfig, args=["--dataset.repo_id", "u/d"])
-    cfg.policy = ACTConfig()
-    cfg.resume = True
-    monkeypatch.setattr(tc.parser, "parse_arg", lambda name: str(target) if name == "config_path" else None)
-
-    cfg._resolve_resume_checkpoint()
-
-    assert cfg.policy.pretrained_path == pretrained_dir
-    assert cfg.checkpoint_path == pretrained_dir.parent
@@ -1,104 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2025 The HuggingFace Inc. team. All rights reserved.
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-import numpy as np
-import pytest
-
-pytest.importorskip("datasets", reason="datasets is required (install lerobot[dataset])")
-
-from lerobot.scripts.augment_dataset_quantile_stats import (
-    compute_quantile_stats_for_dataset,
-    has_quantile_stats,
-)
-
-
-def _numeric_keys(dataset):
-    return [k for k, v in dataset.features.items() if v["dtype"] not in ("image", "video", "string")]
-
-
-def _image_keys(dataset):
-    return [k for k, v in dataset.features.items() if v["dtype"] in ("image", "video")]
-
-
-def test_numeric_stats_are_unaffected_by_sampling(tmp_path, lerobot_dataset_factory):
-    """Sampling only touches image/video frames; numeric features are read in
-    full either way, so their stats must be identical with and without sampling."""
-    dataset = lerobot_dataset_factory(
-        root=tmp_path / "ds", total_episodes=2, total_frames=400, use_videos=False
-    )
-
-    exact = compute_quantile_stats_for_dataset(dataset, use_sampling=False)
-    sampled = compute_quantile_stats_for_dataset(dataset, use_sampling=True)
-
-    numeric_keys = _numeric_keys(dataset)
-    assert numeric_keys, "fixture should expose numeric features"
-    for key in numeric_keys:
-        if key not in exact:
-            continue
-        for stat in ("mean", "std", "q01", "q50", "q99"):
-            if stat in exact[key]:
-                np.testing.assert_allclose(
-                    sampled[key][stat],
-                    exact[key][stat],
-                    rtol=1e-6,
-                    atol=1e-6,
-                    err_msg=f"numeric feature '{key}' stat '{stat}' changed under sampling",
-                )
-
-
-def test_image_sampling_reduces_data_but_keeps_stats_close(tmp_path, lerobot_dataset_factory):
-    """For images, sampling should reduce the number of samples considered while
-    keeping the resulting statistics close to the exact ones."""
-    dataset = lerobot_dataset_factory(
-        root=tmp_path / "ds", total_episodes=2, total_frames=400, use_videos=False
-    )
-
-    exact = compute_quantile_stats_for_dataset(dataset, use_sampling=False)
-    sampled = compute_quantile_stats_for_dataset(dataset, use_sampling=True)
-
-    image_keys = _image_keys(dataset)
-    assert image_keys, "fixture should expose at least one image feature"
-    for key in image_keys:
-        # sampling actually looked at fewer pixels
-        assert sampled[key]["count"][0] < exact[key]["count"][0]
-        # but per-channel mean stays close
-        np.testing.assert_allclose(
-            sampled[key]["mean"],
-            exact[key]["mean"],
-            rtol=0.15,
-            err_msg=f"image feature '{key}' mean drifted too far under sampling",
-        )
-
-
-def test_short_episodes_use_all_frames(tmp_path, lerobot_dataset_factory):
-    """With episodes shorter than the sampling floor, sampling is a no-op and
-    must produce exactly the same stats as the exact path."""
-    dataset = lerobot_dataset_factory(
-        root=tmp_path / "ds", total_episodes=2, total_frames=40, use_videos=False
-    )
-
-    exact = compute_quantile_stats_for_dataset(dataset, use_sampling=False)
-    sampled = compute_quantile_stats_for_dataset(dataset, use_sampling=True)
-
-    for key in _image_keys(dataset):
-        assert sampled[key]["count"][0] == exact[key]["count"][0]
-
-
-def test_quantile_stats_present_after_compute(tmp_path, lerobot_dataset_factory):
-    """The computed stats should contain quantile keys for the dataset."""
-    dataset = lerobot_dataset_factory(
-        root=tmp_path / "ds", total_episodes=2, total_frames=200, use_videos=False
-    )
-    stats = compute_quantile_stats_for_dataset(dataset, use_sampling=True)
-    assert has_quantile_stats(stats)
@@ -1125,61 +1125,9 @@ def test_modify_tasks_default_with_overrides(sample_dataset):
            assert ep_data["tasks"][0] == default_task


-def test_modify_tasks_replacements(sample_dataset):
-    """Test replacing task strings based on their current values."""
-    modified_dataset = modify_tasks(
-        sample_dataset,
-        task_replacements={
-            "task_0": "Pick the cube",
-            "task_1": "Place the cube",
-        },
-    )
-
-    assert len(modified_dataset.meta.tasks) == 2
-    assert "Pick the cube" in modified_dataset.meta.tasks.index
-    assert "Place the cube" in modified_dataset.meta.tasks.index
-
-    for ep_idx in range(5):
-        expected_task = "Pick the cube" if ep_idx % 2 == 0 else "Place the cube"
-        assert modified_dataset.meta.episodes[ep_idx]["tasks"][0] == expected_task
-
-
-def test_modify_tasks_replacements_with_episode_overrides(sample_dataset):
-    """Test that explicit episode overrides take precedence over replacements."""
-    modified_dataset = modify_tasks(
-        sample_dataset,
-        task_replacements={
-            "task_0": "Pick the cube",
-            "task_1": "Place the cube",
-        },
-        episode_tasks={1: "Inspect the cube"},
-    )
-
-    assert modified_dataset.meta.episodes[0]["tasks"][0] == "Pick the cube"
-    assert modified_dataset.meta.episodes[1]["tasks"][0] == "Inspect the cube"
-    assert modified_dataset.meta.episodes[3]["tasks"][0] == "Place the cube"
-    assert len(modified_dataset.meta.tasks) == 3
-
-
-def test_modify_tasks_default_task_and_replacements(sample_dataset):
-    """Test that new_task acts as the default for episodes not matched by task_replacements."""
-    modified_dataset = modify_tasks(
-        sample_dataset,
-        new_task="Default task",
-        task_replacements={"task_0": "Pick the cube"},
-    )
-
-    for ep_idx in range(5):
-        expected_task = "Pick the cube" if ep_idx % 2 == 0 else "Default task"
-        assert modified_dataset.meta.episodes[ep_idx]["tasks"][0] == expected_task
-    assert len(modified_dataset.meta.tasks) == 2
-
-
 def test_modify_tasks_no_task_specified(sample_dataset):
    """Test error when no task is specified."""
-    with pytest.raises(
-        ValueError, match="Must specify at least one of new_task, episode_tasks, or task_replacements"
-    ):
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Must specify at least one of new_task or episode_tasks"):
        modify_tasks(sample_dataset)


@@ -1189,12 +1137,6 @@ def test_modify_tasks_invalid_episode_indices(sample_dataset):
        modify_tasks(sample_dataset, episode_tasks={10: "Task", 20: "Task"})


-def test_modify_tasks_invalid_task_replacements(sample_dataset):
-    """Test error when task replacements refer to unknown task strings."""
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Task replacements reference unknown tasks"):
-        modify_tasks(sample_dataset, task_replacements={"missing_task": "New task"})
-
-
 def test_modify_tasks_updates_info_json(sample_dataset):
    """Test that total_tasks is updated in info.json."""
    episode_tasks = {0: "Task A", 1: "Task B", 2: "Task C", 3: "Task A", 4: "Task B"}
@@ -294,19 +294,6 @@ def test__sync_read(addr, length, ids_values, mock_motors, dummy_motors):
    assert read_values == ids_values


-def test__sync_read_retries_after_transient_failure(mock_motors, dummy_motors):
-    addr, length, ids_values = (10, 4, {1: 1337})
-    stub = mock_motors.build_sync_read_stub(addr, length, ids_values, num_invalid_try=1)
-    bus = FeetechMotorsBus(port=mock_motors.port, motors=dummy_motors)
-    bus.connect(handshake=False)
-
-    read_values, read_comm = bus._sync_read(addr, length, list(ids_values), num_retry=1)
-
-    assert read_comm == scs.COMM_SUCCESS
-    assert read_values == ids_values
-    assert mock_motors.stubs[stub].calls == 2
-
-
@pytest.mark.parametrize("raise_on_error", (True, False))
 def test__sync_read_comm(raise_on_error, mock_motors, dummy_motors):
    addr, length, ids_values = (10, 4, {1: 1337})
@@ -496,60 +496,6 @@ def test_evo1_processor_save_load_round_trip_applies_config_overrides(tmp_path):
    assert "embodiment_id" in processed


-def test_reconcile_evo1_processors_repads_overridden_stats(tmp_path):
-    """Loading a checkpoint and injecting raw (unpadded) dataset stats must be re-padded.
-
-    Regression test: lerobot-train passes the raw dataset stats as normalizer/unnormalizer
-    overrides when resuming from a checkpoint (e.g. stage2 from a stage1 checkpoint). Those stats
-    are at the dataset dims (e.g. LIBERO state=8/action=7), but EVO1 pads state/action to
-    max_state_dim/max_action_dim before normalization, so reconcile_evo1_processors must re-pad the
-    stats or normalization crashes with a shape mismatch.
-    """
-    config = make_config()
-    preprocessor, postprocessor = make_evo1_pre_post_processors(config, dataset_stats=make_stats())
-    preprocessor.save_pretrained(tmp_path)
-    postprocessor.save_pretrained(tmp_path)
-
-    # Reload with the generic override path injecting raw, unpadded dataset stats.
-    raw_stats = make_stats()
-    loaded_pre = PolicyProcessorPipeline.from_pretrained(
-        tmp_path,
-        config_filename=f"{POLICY_PREPROCESSOR_DEFAULT_NAME}.json",
-        overrides={"normalizer_processor": {"stats": raw_stats}},
-        to_transition=batch_to_transition,
-        to_output=transition_to_batch,
-    )
-    loaded_post = PolicyProcessorPipeline.from_pretrained(
-        tmp_path,
-        config_filename=f"{POLICY_POSTPROCESSOR_DEFAULT_NAME}.json",
-        overrides={"unnormalizer_processor": {"stats": raw_stats}},
-        to_transition=policy_action_to_transition,
-        to_output=transition_to_policy_action,
-    )
-
-    # Sanity: the override really injected unpadded stats before reconciliation.
-    normalizer = next(step for step in loaded_pre.steps if isinstance(step, NormalizerProcessorStep))
-    assert normalizer._tensor_stats[OBS_STATE]["min"].shape == (STATE_DIM,)
-
-    loaded_pre, loaded_post = reconcile_evo1_processors(config, loaded_pre, loaded_post)
-
-    normalizer = next(step for step in loaded_pre.steps if isinstance(step, NormalizerProcessorStep))
-    unnormalizer = next(step for step in loaded_post.steps if isinstance(step, UnnormalizerProcessorStep))
-    assert normalizer._tensor_stats[OBS_STATE]["min"].shape == (MAX_STATE_DIM,)
-    assert normalizer._tensor_stats[ACTION]["min"].shape == (MAX_ACTION_DIM,)
-    assert unnormalizer._tensor_stats[ACTION]["min"].shape == (MAX_ACTION_DIM,)
-
-    # Normalizing a padded state must not raise (this is the exact runtime path that crashed).
-    processed = loaded_pre(
-        {
-            "task": "pick the block",
-            OBS_STATE: torch.zeros(STATE_DIM),
-            f"{OBS_IMAGES}.front": torch.rand(3, 16, 16),
-        }
-    )
-    assert processed[OBS_STATE].shape == (1, MAX_STATE_DIM)
-
-
 def test_evo1_policy_forward_and_inference_use_batched_embedding(monkeypatch):
    monkeypatch.setattr(modeling_evo1, "Evo1Model", DummyEvo1Model)
    policy = modeling_evo1.Evo1Policy(make_config())
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.

+import sys
 from types import SimpleNamespace
 from unittest.mock import MagicMock

@@ -46,23 +47,18 @@ def test_make_policy_keeps_peft_adapter_and_base_revisions_separate(monkeypatch)
    peft_config_from_pretrained = MagicMock(return_value=peft_config)
    adapted_policy = torch.nn.Linear(1, 1)
    peft_model_from_pretrained = MagicMock(return_value=adapted_policy)
-    require_package = MagicMock()
-    monkeypatch.setattr(policy_factory, "require_package", require_package)
-    monkeypatch.setattr(
-        policy_factory,
-        "PeftConfig",
-        SimpleNamespace(from_pretrained=peft_config_from_pretrained),
-    )
-    monkeypatch.setattr(
-        policy_factory,
-        "PeftModel",
-        SimpleNamespace(from_pretrained=peft_model_from_pretrained),
+    monkeypatch.setitem(
+        sys.modules,
+        "peft",
+        SimpleNamespace(
+            PeftConfig=SimpleNamespace(from_pretrained=peft_config_from_pretrained),
+            PeftModel=SimpleNamespace(from_pretrained=peft_model_from_pretrained),
+        ),
    )

    policy = policy_factory.make_policy(cfg, ds_meta=dataset_meta)

    assert policy is adapted_policy
-    require_package.assert_called_once_with("peft", extra="peft")
    peft_config_from_pretrained.assert_called_once_with(
        "user/adapter",
        revision="adapter-sha",
@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python
-
-# Copyright 2025 The HuggingFace Inc. team. All rights reserved.
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-import pytest
-
-from lerobot.configs import FeatureType, PipelineFeatureType, PolicyFeature
-from lerobot.robots.so_follower.robot_kinematic_processor import (
-    ForwardKinematicsJointsToEEAction,
-    ForwardKinematicsJointsToEEObservation,
-)
-
-MOTOR_NAMES = ["shoulder_pan", "shoulder_lift", "elbow_flex", "wrist_flex", "wrist_roll", "gripper"]
-EE_KEYS = {f"ee.{k}" for k in ["x", "y", "z", "wx", "wy", "wz", "gripper_pos"]}
-
-
-def _joint_bucket(feature_type: FeatureType) -> dict[str, PolicyFeature]:
-    return {f"{n}.pos": PolicyFeature(type=feature_type, shape=(1,)) for n in MOTOR_NAMES}
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    ("step_cls", "bucket", "feature_type"),
-    [
-        (ForwardKinematicsJointsToEEAction, PipelineFeatureType.ACTION, FeatureType.ACTION),
-        (ForwardKinematicsJointsToEEObservation, PipelineFeatureType.OBSERVATION, FeatureType.STATE),
-    ],
-)
-def test_fk_feature_schema(step_cls, bucket, feature_type):
-    features = {PipelineFeatureType.ACTION: {}, PipelineFeatureType.OBSERVATION: {}}
-    features[bucket] = _joint_bucket(feature_type)
-    out = step_cls(kinematics=None, motor_names=MOTOR_NAMES).transform_features(features)[bucket]
-    assert set(out) == EE_KEYS
-    assert {feature.type for feature in out.values()} == {feature_type}
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ def _make_bus_mock() -> MagicMock:


@pytest.fixture
-def follower(tmp_path):
+def follower():
    bus_mock = _make_bus_mock()

    def _bus_side_effect(*_args, **kwargs):
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ def follower(tmp_path):
        ),
        patch.object(SO100Follower, "configure", lambda self: None),
    ):
-        cfg = SO100FollowerConfig(port="/dev/null", calibration_dir=tmp_path)
+        cfg = SO100FollowerConfig(port="/dev/null")
        robot = SO100Follower(cfg)
        yield robot
        if robot.is_connected:
@@ -99,27 +99,6 @@ def test_get_observation(follower):
        assert obs[f"{motor}.pos"] == idx


-def test_get_observation_uses_read_retries(follower):
-    # Feetech buses can intermittently fail a sync_read; the follower should forward the configured
-    # retry count so transient failures don't abort the control loop (see #3131).
-    follower.config.num_read_retries = 7
-    follower.connect()
-    follower.get_observation()
-
-    follower.bus.sync_read.assert_called_once_with("Present_Position", num_retry=7)
-
-
-def test_send_action_uses_read_retries(follower):
-    follower.config.max_relative_target = 10.0
-    follower.config.num_read_retries = 7
-    follower.connect()
-
-    action = {f"{motor}.pos": value * 10 for value, motor in enumerate(follower.bus.motors, 1)}
-    follower.send_action(action)
-
-    follower.bus.sync_read.assert_called_once_with("Present_Position", num_retry=7)
-
-
 def test_send_action(follower):
    follower.connect()

@@ -105,23 +105,6 @@ class TestOperationTypeParsing:
        resolved_name = OperationConfig.get_choice_name(type(cfg.operation))
        assert resolved_name == type_name

-    def test_modify_tasks_replacements_args_parse(self):
-        cfg = parse_cfg(
-            [
-                "--repo_id",
-                "test/repo",
-                "--operation.type",
-                "modify_tasks",
-                "--operation.task_replacements",
-                '{"task_0": "pick cube", "task_1": "place cube"}',
-            ]
-        )
-        assert isinstance(cfg.operation, ModifyTasksConfig)
-        assert cfg.operation.task_replacements == {
-            "task_0": "pick cube",
-            "task_1": "place cube",
-        }
-

 class TestDepthEncoderParsing:
    """Test that the depth encoder is exposed and parsed for video operations."""
@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python
-# Copyright 2026 The HuggingFace Inc. team. All rights reserved.
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-from unittest.mock import patch
-
-import pytest
-import torch
-
-from lerobot.utils.device_utils import get_safe_torch_device, is_torch_device_available
-
-
-def test_cpu_always_available():
-    assert get_safe_torch_device("cpu") == torch.device("cpu")
-    assert is_torch_device_available("cpu")
-
-
-def test_missing_cuda_raises_valueerror():
-    with patch("torch.cuda.is_available", return_value=False), pytest.raises(ValueError, match="CUDA"):
-        get_safe_torch_device("cuda")
-
-
-def test_missing_mps_raises_valueerror():
-    with patch("torch.backends.mps.is_available", return_value=False), pytest.raises(ValueError, match="MPS"):
-        get_safe_torch_device("mps")
@@ -73,17 +73,6 @@ def test_serialize_deserialize_torch_rng(fixed_seed):
    assert val2 == val3


-@pytest.mark.skipif(not torch.backends.mps.is_available(), reason="MPS not available")
-def test_serialize_deserialize_torch_rng_mps(fixed_seed):
-    _ = torch.rand(1, device="mps").item()
-    st = serialize_torch_rng_state()
-    assert "torch_mps_rng_state" in st
-    val2 = torch.rand(1, device="mps").item()
-    deserialize_torch_rng_state(st)
-    val3 = torch.rand(1, device="mps").item()
-    assert val2 == val3
-
-
 def test_serialize_deserialize_rng(fixed_seed):
    # Generate one from each library
    _ = random.random()
@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python
-# Copyright 2026 The HuggingFace Inc. team. All rights reserved.
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-import numpy as np
-import pytest
-
-from lerobot.utils.rotation import Rotation
-
-
-def test_zero_quaternion_rejected():
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="non-zero"):
-        Rotation(np.zeros(4))
-
-
-def test_non_finite_quaternion_rejected():
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="non-zero|finite"):
-        Rotation(np.array([np.nan, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0]))
-
-
-def test_wrong_shape_rejected():
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="shape"):
-        Rotation(np.array([1.0, 0.0, 0.0]))
-
-
-def test_identity_roundtrip():
-    r = Rotation.from_rotvec(np.zeros(3))
-    assert np.allclose(r.as_rotvec(), 0.0)
-    assert np.allclose(r.as_matrix(), np.eye(3))
-
-
-def test_rotvec_roundtrip():
-    rotvec = np.array([0.1, -0.2, 0.3])
-    r = Rotation.from_rotvec(rotvec)
-    assert np.allclose(r.as_rotvec(), rotvec, atol=1e-6)
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 version = 1
-revision = 2
+revision = 3
 requires-python = ">=3.12"
 resolution-markers = [
    "(python_full_version >= '3.15' and platform_machine == 'AMD64' and sys_platform == 'linux') or (python_full_version >= '3.15' and platform_machine == 'x86_64' and sys_platform == 'linux')",
@@ -402,10 +402,10 @@ name = "bddl"
 version = "1.0.1"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
 dependencies = [
-    { name = "jupytext" },
-    { name = "networkx" },
-    { name = "numpy" },
-    { name = "pytest" },
+    { name = "jupytext", marker = "sys_platform == 'linux'" },
+    { name = "networkx", marker = "sys_platform == 'linux'" },
+    { name = "numpy", marker = "sys_platform == 'linux'" },
+    { name = "pytest", marker = "sys_platform == 'linux'" },
 ]
 sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/5c/37/0211f82891a9f14efcfd2b2096f8d9e4351398ad637fdd1ee59cfc580b0e/bddl-1.0.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:1fa4e6e5050b93888ff6fd8455c39bfb29d3864ce06b4c37c0f781f513a2ae26", size = 164809, upload-time = "2022-03-08T01:48:23.564Z" }

@@ -1010,7 +1010,7 @@ name = "cuda-bindings"
 version = "12.9.7"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
 dependencies = [
-    { name = "cuda-pathfinder" },
+    { name = "cuda-pathfinder", marker = "sys_platform == 'linux'" },
 ]
 wheels = [
    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/32/45/557d4ed1fa54f0c7db8aee083229f624990d69f7d00f55477eed5c7e169a/cuda_bindings-12.9.7-cp312-cp312-manylinux_2_24_aarch64.manylinux_2_28_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:0666d3c082ef8f4b2d670950589373550e9f3bf564d635dd883f24a0b40402ff", size = 7071026, upload-time = "2026-05-27T18:44:13.356Z" },
@@ -1043,37 +1043,37 @@ wheels = [

 [package.optional-dependencies]
 cublas = [
-    { name = "nvidia-cublas-cu12" },
+    { name = "nvidia-cublas-cu12", marker = "sys_platform == 'linux'" },
 ]
 cudart = [
-    { name = "nvidia-cuda-runtime-cu12" },
+    { name = "nvidia-cuda-runtime-cu12", marker = "sys_platform == 'linux'" },
 ]
 cufft = [
-    { name = "nvidia-cufft-cu12" },
+    { name = "nvidia-cufft-cu12", marker = "sys_platform == 'linux'" },
 ]
 cufile = [
-    { name = "nvidia-cufile-cu12" },
+    { name = "nvidia-cufile-cu12", marker = "sys_platform == 'linux'" },
 ]
 cupti = [
-    { name = "nvidia-cuda-cupti-cu12" },
+    { name = "nvidia-cuda-cupti-cu12", marker = "sys_platform == 'linux'" },
 ]
 curand = [
-    { name = "nvidia-curand-cu12" },
+    { name = "nvidia-curand-cu12", marker = "sys_platform == 'linux'" },
 ]
 cusolver = [
-    { name = "nvidia-cusolver-cu12" },
+    { name = "nvidia-cusolver-cu12", marker = "sys_platform == 'linux'" },
 ]
 cusparse = [
-    { name = "nvidia-cusparse-cu12" },
+    { name = "nvidia-cusparse-cu12", marker = "sys_platform == 'linux'" },
 ]
 nvjitlink = [
-    { name = "nvidia-nvjitlink-cu12" },
+    { name = "nvidia-nvjitlink-cu12", marker = "sys_platform == 'linux'" },
 ]
 nvrtc = [
-    { name = "nvidia-cuda-nvrtc-cu12" },
+    { name = "nvidia-cuda-nvrtc-cu12", marker = "sys_platform == 'linux'" },
 ]
 nvtx = [
-    { name = "nvidia-nvtx-cu12" },
+    { name = "nvidia-nvtx-cu12", marker = "sys_platform == 'linux'" },
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -1145,7 +1145,7 @@ name = "decord"
 version = "0.6.0"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
 dependencies = [
-    { name = "numpy" },
+    { name = "numpy", marker = "(platform_machine != 'arm64' and sys_platform == 'darwin') or (platform_machine == 'AMD64' and sys_platform == 'linux') or (platform_machine == 'x86_64' and sys_platform == 'linux') or (sys_platform != 'darwin' and sys_platform != 'linux')" },
 ]
 wheels = [
    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/11/79/936af42edf90a7bd4e41a6cac89c913d4b47fa48a26b042d5129a9242ee3/decord-0.6.0-py3-none-manylinux2010_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:51997f20be8958e23b7c4061ba45d0efcd86bffd5fe81c695d0befee0d442976", size = 13602299, upload-time = "2021-06-14T21:30:55.486Z" },
@@ -1283,10 +1283,10 @@ resolution-markers = [
    "python_full_version == '3.14.*' and sys_platform == 'win32'",
 ]
 dependencies = [
-    { name = "absl-py" },
-    { name = "attrs" },
-    { name = "numpy" },
-    { name = "wrapt" },
+    { name = "absl-py", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.14'" },
+    { name = "attrs", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.14'" },
+    { name = "numpy", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.14'" },
+    { name = "wrapt", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.14'" },
 ]
 sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a6/83/ce29720ccf934c6cfa9b9c95ebbe96558386e66886626066632b5e44afed/dm_tree-0.1.9.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:a4c7db3d3935a5a2d5e4b383fc26c6b0cd6f78c6d4605d3e7b518800ecd5342b", size = 35623, upload-time = "2025-01-30T20:45:37.13Z" }
 wheels = [
@@ -1324,10 +1324,10 @@ resolution-markers = [
    "python_full_version < '3.13' and sys_platform == 'win32'",
 ]
 dependencies = [
-    { name = "absl-py" },
-    { name = "attrs" },
-    { name = "numpy" },
-    { name = "wrapt" },
+    { name = "absl-py", marker = "python_full_version < '3.14'" },
+    { name = "attrs", marker = "python_full_version < '3.14'" },
+    { name = "numpy", marker = "python_full_version < '3.14'" },
+    { name = "wrapt", marker = "python_full_version < '3.14'" },
 ]
 sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/5a/66/a3ec619d22b6baffa5ab853e8dc6ec9d0c837127948af59bb15b988d7312/dm_tree-0.1.10.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:22f37b599e01cc3402a17f79c257a802aebd8d326de05b54657650845956208a", size = 35748, upload-time = "2026-03-31T17:35:39.03Z" }
 wheels = [
@@ -1359,17 +1359,18 @@ sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a2/55/8f8cab2afd404cf57

 [[package]]
 name = "draccus"
-version = "0.11.6"
+version = "0.10.0"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
 dependencies = [
    { name = "mergedeep" },
    { name = "pyyaml" },
+    { name = "pyyaml-include" },
    { name = "toml" },
    { name = "typing-inspect" },
 ]
-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/df/b0/cc399719e0cf6fea451f155798e19ea8c5e9c838b701d1565f29ea626c18/draccus-0.11.6.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:d134f576a1f4febd93c6b200df7f92e5febffe9efdc0a5f381bf50c2e0568a39", size = 67940, upload-time = "2026-06-12T13:21:19.999Z" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/4e/e2/f5012fda17ee5d1eaf3481b6ca3e11dffa5348e5e08ab745538fdc8041bb/draccus-0.10.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:8dd08304219becdcd66cd16058ba98e9c3e6b7bfe48ccb9579dae39f8d37ae19", size = 62243, upload-time = "2025-02-05T07:27:48.182Z" }
 wheels = [
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/18/f1/d56bef4563d1cfaf55dd58de298a456587b9fe0a85dabb55768d44ace8f7/draccus-0.11.6-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:1cf3f37c64766e0f17d757099b388e762f1d22c772cc2376b4e366b515fb5737", size = 85449, upload-time = "2026-06-12T13:21:18.83Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c4/9a/a83083b230d352ee5d205757b74006dbe084448ca45e3bc5ca99215b1e55/draccus-0.10.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:90243418ae0e9271c390a59cafb6acfd37001193696ed36fcc8525f791a83282", size = 71783, upload-time = "2025-02-05T07:27:46.1Z" },
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -1911,7 +1912,7 @@ name = "h5py"
 version = "3.16.0"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
 dependencies = [
-    { name = "numpy" },
+    { name = "numpy", marker = "sys_platform == 'linux'" },
 ]
 sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/db/33/acd0ce6863b6c0d7735007df01815403f5589a21ff8c2e1ee2587a38f548/h5py-3.16.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:a0dbaad796840ccaa67a4c144a0d0c8080073c34c76d5a6941d6818678ef2738", size = 446526, upload-time = "2026-03-06T13:49:08.07Z" }
 wheels = [
@@ -1955,23 +1956,23 @@ name = "hf-libero"
 version = "0.1.4"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
 dependencies = [
-    { name = "bddl" },
-    { name = "cloudpickle" },
-    { name = "easydict" },
-    { name = "einops" },
-    { name = "future" },
-    { name = "gymnasium" },
-    { name = "hf-egl-probe" },
-    { name = "hydra-core" },
-    { name = "matplotlib" },
-    { name = "mujoco" },
-    { name = "numpy" },
-    { name = "opencv-python" },
-    { name = "robomimic" },
-    { name = "robosuite" },
-    { name = "thop" },
-    { name = "transformers" },
-    { name = "wandb" },
+    { name = "bddl", marker = "sys_platform == 'linux'" },
+    { name = "cloudpickle", marker = "sys_platform == 'linux'" },
+    { name = "easydict", marker = "sys_platform == 'linux'" },
+    { name = "einops", marker = "sys_platform == 'linux'" },
+    { name = "future", marker = "sys_platform == 'linux'" },
+    { name = "gymnasium", marker = "sys_platform == 'linux'" },
+    { name = "hf-egl-probe", marker = "sys_platform == 'linux'" },
+    { name = "hydra-core", marker = "sys_platform == 'linux'" },
+    { name = "matplotlib", marker = "sys_platform == 'linux'" },
+    { name = "mujoco", marker = "sys_platform == 'linux'" },
+    { name = "numpy", marker = "sys_platform == 'linux'" },
+    { name = "opencv-python", marker = "sys_platform == 'linux'" },
+    { name = "robomimic", marker = "sys_platform == 'linux'" },
+    { name = "robosuite", marker = "sys_platform == 'linux'" },
+    { name = "thop", marker = "sys_platform == 'linux'" },
+    { name = "transformers", marker = "sys_platform == 'linux'" },
+    { name = "wandb", marker = "sys_platform == 'linux'" },
 ]
 sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/af/aa/4e9eb8715e0bff9cb6553db563a35d253393097d446f82bd53575e8b253d/hf_libero-0.1.4.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:c058d67ad5a2b589529c14d614282ef4cca3a7763dafa134f58a6c9039657e34", size = 2961319, upload-time = "2026-06-10T09:56:13.994Z" }
 wheels = [
@@ -2122,9 +2123,9 @@ name = "hydra-core"
 version = "1.3.4"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
 dependencies = [
-    { name = "antlr4-python3-runtime" },
-    { name = "omegaconf" },
-    { name = "packaging" },
+    { name = "antlr4-python3-runtime", marker = "sys_platform == 'linux'" },
+    { name = "omegaconf", marker = "sys_platform == 'linux'" },
+    { name = "packaging", marker = "sys_platform == 'linux'" },
 ]
 sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/10/dd/220f0e91743136725352497e98540772a01fc7c3ab96ff16c3c74424e984/hydra_core-1.3.4.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:ad0f7b05a0242255a8984d5a4ed2f6847f7b783ed727368a2c0155ec52d6c34c", size = 3263348, upload-time = "2026-07-04T16:25:38.891Z" }
 wheels = [
@@ -2677,11 +2678,11 @@ name = "jupytext"
 version = "1.19.5"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
 dependencies = [
-    { name = "markdown-it-py" },
-    { name = "mdit-py-plugins" },
-    { name = "nbformat" },
-    { name = "packaging" },
-    { name = "pyyaml" },
+    { name = "markdown-it-py", marker = "sys_platform == 'linux'" },
+    { name = "mdit-py-plugins", marker = "sys_platform == 'linux'" },
+    { name = "nbformat", marker = "sys_platform == 'linux'" },
+    { name = "packaging", marker = "sys_platform == 'linux'" },
+    { name = "pyyaml", marker = "sys_platform == 'linux'" },
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